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The difference?
The Skull are all the bones of the head (including jawbone)
The Cranium are all the bones of the head (excluding jawbone).
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The Skull has 22 total bones
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8 Cranial bones
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The ones that enclose the brain
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14 Facial bones
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The ones that make up the face
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All the bones of the skull are fused together
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They are called suture jts.
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Except for the jaw (mandible) which has a movable jt.

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To rue (v)- to regret (normally used with “the day” after it).
To laud (v)- to praise someone
To deride (v)- to ridicule; make fun of
To abate (v) – to lessen the intensity
To glower (v)- to scowl; to meanly stare at someone.
To gesticulate (v)- to overuse gestures while speaking
To glean (v)- to collect information bit by bit.

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There are 8 bones that protect the brain
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Parietal Bone (Left and Right)
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They are the largest of the cranial bones
They are the most superior and posterior
Temporal Bone (Left and
Right)
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It is the most lateral
It is the bone that houses the ear cavity
It is the bone that the jaw bone (mandible) articulates with
Occipital Bone
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It is the most posterior
It articulates with the cervical spine

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Frontal Bone (forehead) (1)
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It is the most anterior
Sphenoid Bone
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(1)
It sits on the base (or bottom) of the skull
The Ethmoid bone
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(1)
It is a a facial bone but part of it punctures its way through the frontal bone.
The Base of the skull is made up of the
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Occipital bone (posterior)
Temporal and sphenoid
(middle)
Frontal (anterior)

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Sphenoid bone
Fontanelle-
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Squishy opening of cranium in babies before bones fuse together.

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The facial bones do not hold the brain.
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Maxilla bone
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It is your upper lip bone and around your nose
Your upper teeth are attached to them
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Mandible bone
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Jaw bone
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Your lower teeth are attached to them
It articulates c the temporal bone at the TMJ (temporo-mandibular jt)
Zygoma bone (aka Buccal bone)
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It is your cheek bone
Nasal Bone
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Small bone at the bridge of nose
The Rest of nose is cartilage

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Other Facial Bones
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Ethmoid bone
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Bone of your nasal cavity and eye socket
Part of it pierces through frontal bone to anchor the
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 brain.
Palatine (2)
 bone that makes up the back top of your mouth
Lacrimal (2) “tear” bone
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Bone of your inner eye
Vomer
Inferior Nasal Concha
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Part of nasal cavity
It has a bunch of tunnels whose job is to warm up air to 1 degree of room temperature.

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Four sets of air-filled cavities in cranium
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Maxillary Sinus (2)
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One behind each cheek
Ethmoid (2)
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They are behind the nose
Sphenoid (2)
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They are behind the ethmoid sinuses
Frontal (1)
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It is in the forehead
Purpose of sinuses
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To lessen the weight of the facial bones.

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The orbit is the opening of the eye socket.
The socket of the remainder of the cavity which holds the eyeball.
Orbit/Socket is made up of 8 bones
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Zygoma on the inferior
Frontal on the superior
Sphenoid/Ethmoid on the posterior
Lacrimal on the medial
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Holds lacrimal ducts to allow us to cry
Blow out fx
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Fx to zygoma; eyeball falls into maxillary sinus or falls out of orbit.

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Suture Lines are the borders between cranial bones
Sagittal suture
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Separates the two parietal bones on top of head
Coronal suture
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Separates parietal and frontal bones
Lamboidal suture
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Separates parietal and occipital bones.
Squamosal suture
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Separates parietal and temporal bones.
The Bregma
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The point on the top of your head where the coronal suture meets the sagittal suture
The Lambda
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The point of the back of the head where the sagittal suture meets the squamosal suture.
bregma lambda

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Otherwise known as The
Vertebrae or Spinal
Column
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It is 24 individual vertebrae with intervertebral discs between each one
Cervical (7)-Neck
Thoracic (12)- Chest
Lumbar (5) – Lower Back
Spine also includes
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Sacrum (1)-Pelvis
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Coccyx (1)-Tailbone

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All vertebrae are made up of 2 parts
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Body- Main part of spine in which the discs sit on
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Arch- Posterior part that encloses the spinal cord
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Spinous Process- part of vertebrae you can touch
Zygapophyseal Joint- Joint b/t two vertebrae on the arch.

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Between each of the 24 vertebrae are cushy discs above and below it
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Made of cartilage
Serves as shock absorber
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Compression fractures
Sometimes disc will rupture or herniate
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Pain due to disc touching the spinal cord or other nerves
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Also called sciatica

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7 Neck bones
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Cervical 1-Cervical 7 (C1-C7)
Articulate with occipital bone of cranium
C1 is called the Atlas
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Where C1 articulates with the occipital bone, it is called the
Atlanto-occipital joint
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Allows us to nod
C2 is called the Axis
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C1-C2 joint allows us to turn our heads
C-spine vertebrae are the smallest, weakest of all vertebrae

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There are 12 thoracic vertebrae
Each T-spine vertebrae articulates with a pair of ribs
It makes up the posterior section of the thorax

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L-spine are the5 lower back vertebrae
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Biggest, strongest of all vertebrae
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Must likely part of spine to have a rupture disc

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Most inferior part of spine (vertebrae)
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Sacrum- 5 vertebrae fused together
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It Forms posterior section of pelvic cavity
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Coccyx – 4 vertebrae fused together
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Otherwise known as tailbone

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Pelvis onnects the spine to the legs
Holds the organs of the guts
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Made up of three bones that fuse together at your age
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The Ilium-Top aspect
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Iliac crest
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Most suporior part of bone you can touch
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The Pubic- bone of genital area
The Ischium- bone of butt area
Acetabulum-Cavity that femur fits into
Pubic Symphisis- Cartilage in the pubic region that connects the left and right sides of pelvis
The pelvis articulates with the Sacrum on the posterior side.
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They are called the SI joints (sacroiliac jts)

Open Book Fx- Pubic bones are separated and pelvis looks like an open book.

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The Thorax (or thoracic cage) consists of which bones?
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Sternum
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12 Thoracic Vertebrae
Ribs
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Which connect vertebrae to sternum

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Protects the heart
Made up of 3 sections
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Manubrium
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Part of sternum that articulates with collar bone (clavicle)
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Body
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Most ribs connect here
Xiphoid Process
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Bony tip at end

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12 pairs of ribs (24 total ribs)
Articulate with T-spine in the back and sternum in the front
12 T-spine vertebrae=12 ribs
3 sections
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Ribs 1-7 are True Ribs
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They connect directly with sternum
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Ribs 8-10 are False Ribs
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They don’t connect directly with
 sternum
They connect through the rib cartilage
Ribs 11-12 are Floating Ribs
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They don’t connect to sternum at all
They are short and stubby
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Note: most ribs do not touch the sternum directly.
It is their cartilage that touches.

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Vertebral discs
Pubic Symphisis
Rib Cartilage
Nose and Ears
Ends of all bones

 a= before
 p= after
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RR= Respiratory Rate
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UA= Urine Analysis
 c/o= complaints of
 r/o= rule out
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Dx= diagnosis

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27 hand bones X 2= 54
26 feet bones X 2= 52
22 Cranial bones 22
10 Upper Extremity bones 10
8 Lower Extremity bones 8
24 vertebrae 24
5 fused Sacrum, 4 fused Coccyx 9
24 ribs + Sternum 25
Fused pelvis 2= 206!!

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Know major bones of cranium and facial bones. What is the orbit?
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How many C-spine, T-spine, L-spine vertebrae? Atlas, Axis, which does what?
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The 3 Parts of pelvis and sternum
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The 3 rib sections (true, false, floating)
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2 parts of a vertebrae
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Bonus: Name the minor facial bones