AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
CHAPTER 13
CLASS NOTES
Religions, Cultures,
and Conflicts
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Inter-faith Boundaries (Conflicts)–
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Boundary lines of 2 major faiths
across country (s)

Middle East (Israel)
 (Christian
/ Muslim / Jewish)
Sudan (C v. M)
 India / Pakistan (Hindu v. Muslim)
 Yugoslavia (C v. M)
 Sri Lanka (Buddhists v. Hindu)

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Intra-faith Boundaries (Conflicts)–
Religious divisions within a single
faith, within 1 country / region
 Iraq (Iran) – Sunni v. Shia Muslims
 N. Ireland – Catholic minority v.
Protestant majority
 USA – Mormons out West, Baptists in
the South, Catholics in NE

Iran – Iraq War (1980-1988)
Religious Fundamentalism
 A return to the basics of
 Not Extremism / Radicalism
 Usually
the faith
born out of…
 Frustration / Marginilization
–break down of society
–Failures of gov’t / people
–Incompatibility
Why Fundamentalism Growth?
• Remember Enclave and Exclave terms
Christian Fundamentalism
(some issues)
 Birth-control
 Abortion
 Women’s Role
 Homosexuality
 Evolution v. Creationism
 Afterlife
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Islamic Fundamentalism
Ayatollah –
A supreme religious leader
(Shia)
Jihad –
Struggle to live up to Koran
standards (inner-spiritual duty)
commonly known as “holy war”

Fundamentalism of any type might give
rise to: ( + / -)

Religious revival (USA Great Awakening)
Mission Work
Stronger faith among population
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Govt changes (leaders, party, capital)
Population purges
State fragmentation (civil war)
Acts of violence (terrorism)