POLITICAL PARTIES
ORGANIZATION OF INDIVIDUALS WITH
COMMON INTEREST WHO ORGANIZE
TO WIN ELECTIONS, TO OPERATE THE
GOVERNMENT & THEREBY INFLUENCE
GOVERNMENT POLICY
EARLY AMERICAN POLITICAL
PARTIES
• AMERICA HAS HAD A TWO PARTY SYSTEM
FOR MANY YEARS, BUT THERE ARE OTHER
POLITICAL PARTY SYSTEMS:
– TWO PARTY
– Democratic and Republican
– MULTI PARTY
– Three or more parties Canada (3) Germany (5)
Israel (20+)
– ONE PARTY
– People and government are the same China
(Communist Party)
EARLY AMERICAN PARTIES
• FEDERALIST
– LED BY ALEXANDER HAMILTON
– STRONG CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
– LIKE/WANTED CONSTITUTION
EARLY AMERICAN PARTIES
• ANTI- FEDERALIST
– THOMAS JEFFERSON LED
– LIMIT POWER OF CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
(FEDERAL GOVERNMENT)
– BELIEVED IN STATES RIGHTS
– BELIEVED IN INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS (BILL OF
RIGHTS)
– BECAME THE DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS
EARLY AMERICAN PARTIES
• WHIGS:
• 1830s OPPOSITION TO DEMOCRATICREPUBLICANS
• DEMOCRATS:
• WHAT WAS LEFT OF DEMOCRATICREPUBLICANS
• THESE SPLIT OVER ISSUE OF SLAVERY IN 1854
EARLY AMERICAN PARTIES
• DEMOCRATS: 1854
• PRO SLAVERY SOUTHERN PARTY
• REPUBLICANS
• ANTI SLAVERY NORTHERN PARTY
• PARTY OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN - NO SOUTHERN
STATE VOTED FOR LINCOLN - SO FELT HE DID
NOT REPRESENT THEM - SO THEY SECCEEDED
FROM THE UNION (CIVIL WAR)
THIRD PARTIES ROLE IN USA
• SMALL PARTIES THAT
DO NOT WIN MAJOR
ELECTIONS BUT DO
INFLUENCE OUT
SOCIAL, ECONOMIC OR
POLITICAL LIFE
– SINGLE ISSUE: 1 THING
– IDEOLOGICAL: IDEALS
– INDEPENDENT
CANDIDATES: PERSON
THIRD PARTIES ROLE IN USA
• POPULIST PARTY
– COMBINATION OF
FARMERS & LABORERS
– CALLED FOR DIRECT
ELECTION OF
SENATORS: (17 AMEND)
– CALLED FOR AN 8 HOUR
WORKDAY
THIRD PARTIES ROLE IN USA
• PROGRESSIVE PARTY
– BULL MOOSE PARTY
– PROMOTED DIRECT
PRIMARY TO GIVE MORE
VOICE IN GOVERNMENT
OFFICIALS
– IDEA FOR POPULAR
SOVEREIGNTY
• INITIATIVE
• REFERENDUM
– INTENDED TO GIVE VOTERS
MORE POWER TO MAKE
LAWS
THIRD PARTIES ROLE IN USA
• PROHIBITION PARTY
– ALSO CALLED SINGLE
ISSUE PARTY
– DON’T LAST LONG
– FADE AWAY WHEN ISSUE
NO LONGER IMPORTANT
– 1872, AGAINST ALCOHOL
AND WANTED TO BAN THE
SALE OF ALCOHOL
THIRD PARTIES ROLE IN USA
• SOCIALIST LABOR
PARTY
– IDEOLOGICAL PARTY
BASED ON SOCIALISM
WHERE GOVERNMENT
HAS MUCH CONTROL
OVER LIVES OF
INDIVIDUALS
THIRD PARTIES ROLE IN USA
• COMMUNIST PARTY
– IDEOLOGICAL PARTY
BASED ON KARL MARX
COMMUNIST IDEALS
WHERE GOVERNMENT
OWNS ALL MEANS OF
PRODUCTION
THIRD PARTIES ROLE IN USA
• LIBERTARIAN PARTY
– IDEOLOGICAL PARTY
BASED IDEA THAT
GOVERNMENT SHOULD
NOT BE INVOLVED IN
PEOPLES LIVES
THIRD PARTIES ROLE IN USA
• INDEPENDENT
– NO PARTY AFFILIATION
– RUN WITHOUT PARTY
BACKING
– H. ROSS PEROT 1992
THIRD PARTIES ROLE IN USA
• REFORM PARTY
– IDEALOGICAL PARTY
THAT PROMOTES
REFORMS IN SOCIETY
AND GOVERNMENT
– ROSS PEROT 1996
THIRD PARTIES ROLE IN USA
• OBSTACLES TO THIRD
PARTIES
– THESE DO NOT WIN
MAJOR ELECTIONS
BECAUSE THEY DO NOT
HAVE THE MONEY OR
NUMBERS TO WIN BUT
THEY ARE GAINING
POWER
PARTY SYSTEMS IN WORLD
• TWO PARTY SYSTEM:
– USA & GREAT BRITIAN
• MULTI PARTY SYSTEM:
– GERMANY (5), ISRAEL (20+), CANADA (30)
– COALITITION GOVERNMENTS
• COMPETE FOR GOVERNMENT CONTROL
• ONE PARTY SYSTEM:
– CHINA, CUBA, NORTH KOREA, VIETNAM
• PARTY AND GOVERNMENT NEARLY THE SAME
DIFFERNCES IN TWO PARTIES
OF USA
• WHAT PARTY’S
SYMBOL?
DIFFERNCES IN TWO PARTIES
OF USA
• WHAT PARTY’S
SYMBOL?
•
NICKNAME: GRAND OLD PARTY
DIFFERNCES IN TWO PARTIES
OF USA
• WHAT PARTY’S
PLATFORM?
• WHAT PARTY’S
PLATFORM?
– PRO ABORTION
– LIMIT DEATH PENALTY
– GOVM’T REGULATION
OF ECONOMY
– HIGHER TAXES
– MORE INVOLVEMENT IN
LIFE
– GUN CONTROL
–
–
–
–
PRO LIFE
DEATH PENALTY GOOD
LESS INVOLVEMENT
TRICKLE DOWN EFFECT
ECONOMY
– RIGHT TO GUNS
– AGAINST GAY
MARRIAGES
DIFFERNCES IN TWO PARTIES
OF USA
• WHAT PARTY’S
PLATFORM?
– DEMOCRATS
• WHAT PARTY’S
PLATFORM?
– REPUBLICANS
WHAT PARTY?
WHAT PARTY?
PLATFORM
• A series of statements expressing
the party’s principles, beliefs, and
positions on election issues.
• Each individual part of the platform is
called a plank.
• Platforms communicates to voters
what the party claims it will do if it
wins.
CH 9 SECT 2: Role of
Political Parties Today
ORGANIZATION OF THE
AMERICAN POLITICAL PARTIES
NATIONAL PARTY ORGANIZATION
• EACH PARTY HAS A NATIONAL
COMMITTEE
– RAISE FUNDS PRESIDENT AND ORGANIZE
NATIONAL CONVENTION
– DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL
COMMITTEE
– Debbie Wasserman Schultz NATIONAL
CHAIRPERSON
– REPUBLICAN NATIONAL
COMMITTEE
– REINCE PRIEBUS NATIONAL CHAIRPERSON
NATIONAL CONVENTION
• MOST IMPORTANT JOB IS TO
NOMINATE A CANDIDATE TO RUN FOR
THE PARTY IN THE PRESIDENTIAL
ELECTION
• HELD ONCE EVERY 4 YEARS
• USUALLY ONLY WORK ON NATIONAL
ELECTIONS
STATE PARTY ORGANIZATION
• 50 OF THESE FOR EACH PARTY
– NC DEMOCRATIC PARTY
– NC REPUBLICAN PARTY
– KEY JOB: GET CANDIDATES ELECTED
TO STATE OFFICES AND SOMETIMES
HELP IN NATIONAL ELECTIONS
– GOVERNOR, ATTORNEY GENERAL, STATE
LEGISLATORS, ETC
LOCAL PARTY ORGANIZATIONS
• 1000s OF THESE FOR BOTH
PARTIES
– ROBESON COUNTY DEMOCRATIC
PARTY
– ROBESON COUNTY REPUBLICAN
PARTY
– WORK ON ALL THREE LEVEL
ELECTIONS
• NATIONAL, STATE AND LOCAL
LOCAL PARTY ORGANIZATIONS
• DIVISIONS OF LOCAL LEVELS
– PRECINCT: GEOGRAPHICAL AREA
THAT CONTAINS A SPECIFIC
NUMBER OF VOTERS
• ONE MAN, ONE VOTE
• SMALL TOWN/CITY, NEIGHBORHOODS
– WARDS: SEVERAL CONNECTED
PRECINCTS TOGETHER TO MAKE UP
A LARGER ELECTION UNIT
LOCAL PARTY ORGANIZATIONS
• POLITICAL MACHINES:
– STRONG LOCAL PARTY ORGANZATIONS
THAT HAVE LITTLE OR NO OPPOSITION
– NYC: TAMMANY HALL: «BOSS TWEED »
– RICH: KICKBACKS AND BRIBES
– FAILS TO REPRESENT/LISTEN TO THE
PEOPLE
– MOST MEMBER ENDED UP IN PRISON
MEMBERSHIP IN POLITICAL
PARTIES
• DO NOT HAVE TO JOIN
• DO NOT HAVE TO VOTE FOR PARTY
CANDIDATE IF YOU ARE A MEMBER
• REPUBLICAN COULD HAVE VOTED FOR
OBAMA IF THEY WANTED TO
• OFFER EVERY CITIZEN A GREAT WAY TO
GET INVOLVED IN POLITICS
• POLITICAL PARTIES DEPEND ON CITIZEN
INVOLVEMENT TO ACCOMPLISH THEIR
GOALS
ROLE OF POLITICAL PARTIES
• MAIN ROLE:
– GET THEIR CANDIDATES
ELECTED TO OFFICE
– OR NOMINATED TO RUN FOR
OFFICE SO THEY CAN GET
ELECTED
ROLE OF POLITICAL PARTIES
• ELECTION PROCESS
– PRIMARY ELECTIONS
• 5/6 MONTH BEFORE GENERAL ELECTIONS
• DIRECT PRIMARY- ELECTION VOTES CHOOSE
CANDIDATES TO REPRESENT EACH PARTY IN A
GENERAL ELECTION
– OPEN OR CLOSED
• RUNOFFS IF NO ONE RECEIVES A MAJORITY IN
SOME STATES
– GENERAL ELECTIONS
• NOVEMBER FIRST TUESDAY AFTER THE FIRST
MONDAY
INDEPENDENT CANDIDATE
• NO PARTY AFFILIATION
• SO HOW DO THEY GET ON
THE BALLOT?
– PETITION
ROLES OF POLITICAL PARTIES
• GET CANDIDATE ELECTED TO OFFICE
• CAMPAIGNING FOR CANDIDATE
• INFORMING GOVERNMENT OF
PEOPLE’S IDEAS
• HELPING MANAGE GOVERNMENT
• LINKING DIFFERENT LEVELS OF
GOVERNMENT
• ACT AS A WATCHDOG OVER
GOVERNMENT
CH 10 SECTION 1
WHO CAN VOTE????
PowerPoint Activity
WHO CAN VOTE????
VOTE
?
A Brief History of
So you
think Voting
America’s
Rights
you can
The Early Years
When the colonists came over from England, they brought
many of the English political laws and customs with them.
The Early Years
In most of the thirteen colonies, only adult white males
that owned land (usually at least 50 acres) could
vote.
The Early Years
Many people believed that land owners were the only
ones responsible enough to make political
decisions!
The Early Years
This left poor white men…
women
…
American Indians…
and
Africans
(free and
slave)
OUT
of the voting
process!
Independenc
e and the
Vote
Thomas
Jefferson
Benjamin
Franklin
George
Washington
John
Adams
The Framers of the
Constitution couldn’t
agree on who should
have the right to vote.
They gave each state
the power to decide
what its own voting
rights would be.
Do you recognize anyone in the
image?
Over time , states dropped
the requirement that voters
must own property.
Some states acted faster
than others. New York got
rid of the property
requirement in 1821.
Rhode Island did not
change until 1880!
The African American Vote
The 15th Amendment was
passed in 1870, five years after
the end of the Civil War.
The Amendment states, “The
right of citizens of the United
States to vote shall not be
denied … on account of race,
color or previous condition of
servitude.”
The African American Vote
The 15th
Amendment said
that former slaves
could not be turned
away from the polls
due to the color of
their skin or the fact
that they had
been slaves.
We will see that this rule wasn’t always
followed…
So you think you can VOTE?
Can I
vote?
The year is
1915. I am a
single African
American man
living in
Chicago, Illinois.
YES YOU
CAN!
The Women’s Vote
Women gained voting rights after a long hard
fight. Wyoming gave women the vote in 1869,
but it took the work of Susan B. Anthony,
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and many others to get
the job done!
The Women’s Vote
Women won the right to vote
in August of 1920!
The 19th Amendment said,
“The right of citizens of the
United States to vote shall
not be denied … on
account of sex.”
So you think you can VOTE?
Can I
vote?
I am a woman living in
New York City in the
year 1924. I am 25,
married and have two
children.
YES YOU CAN!
The American Indian Vote
American Indians were not
considered citizens of the
United States until 1924.
Before that, they were
considered members of
their own tribal
governments.
The American Indian Vote
In 1924, President Calvin
Coolidge signed the
Indian Citizenship Act.
This gave American Indians
the rights and privileges of
American citizenship. This
includes voting, of course!
So you think you can VOTE?
I am an American
Indian living in
Montana in the year
1910. I’m 65 years
old, married and
have three kids and
seven grandkids.
You can ‘t vote
yet.
Can I
vote?
DC Voting Rights
Residents of the District of
Columbia did not get the
right to vote in presidential
elections until the 23rd
Amendment was ratified in
1961.
So you think you can VOTE?
Can my husband
and I vote for my
neighbor, the
President?
I live in Washington, D.C. just
down the street from the White
House. The year is 1955. I am
a 35 year old woman with two
children.
You can ‘t vote
yet.
Even after the Civil
War, many people in
the South did not want
African Americans to
have the same rights
as white Americans.
This included the right
to vote or hold office.
Some states and
counties passed
laws that made
voting almost
impossible!
Voting is a
Civil Right!
Barriers to the African
American Vote
States and individual
counties used many
different methods to
prevent African
Americans from
voting.
• Limited opportunities to
register to vote
• Arrest and beatings by
police
• Threats of violence toward
voter’s family and home
• Personal information
shared with groups like the
KKK and employers
• Unfair tests at the polls
This poll test asks
voters to correctly
guess the number of
cotton balls in a jar
before they are allowed
to vote.
Other tests asked voters
to guess the number of
bubbles in a bar of soap!
The literacy test was
one type of poll test
that was given in some
locations. Voters were
tested on their reading
skills.
Like with the other
tests, white voters
always passed while
African American
voters usually failed.
Voting Requirements in the
Alabama
South Louisiana
1) Read a section of the
Constitution out loud.
Voters who could not prove a 5th
grade education had to:
2) Tell what the section says in 1) Complete a 30 question test
your own words.
2) Finish the test in 10 minutes!
3) Write out another section of
the Constitution.
4) Answer eight questions on
the Constitution.
Many African Americans in these states lacked
a quality education, and the tests were meant
to exclude blacks from the voting process.
Examples of Literacy
Tests
Alabama
Literacy
Test
Louisiana
Literacy
Test
The Grandfather
Clause
The Poll Tax required
voters to pay for the
ability to vote.
Most Southern
African Americans
were poor
sharecroppers that
were heavily in debt to
landowners.
$1.5
0
=
$23.00
Today
So you think you can VOTE?
Can I
vote?
I am a 22 year
old African
American man
living in the deep
South in 1948. I
work in the
cotton fields and
cannot read or
write.
It’s not likely that you’d get to
vote.
The Civil Rights Movement
Over time, more and more
people demanded civil
rights for all Americans.
The marches, speeches,
sit-ins, freedom rides and
activities all added up to
what we know as the Civil
Rights Movement.
Voting Laws
Change
President Lyndon
B. Johnson
Dr. Martin
Luther King,
Jr.
The 24th Amendment
was added to the
Constitution in 1964.
It banned the use of
poll taxes in elections.
Can you name two
people
in this
Voting Laws Change
The Voting Rights Act
was signed by President
Johnson in 1965.
This law:
• protected the right to
vote for all citizens
• forced the states to
obey the Constitution
• reinforced the 15th
Amendment.
Changing the Voting Age
In the 1960s and 1970s
thousands of young men were
drafted to fight in the Vietnam
War. Many were too young to
vote.
Changing the Voting Age
The 26th Amendment
was passed in 1971.
It says, “The right of
citizens of the United
States, who are 18
years of age or older, to
vote shall not be
denied… on account of
age.”
Supporters of this amendment chanted,
“Old enough to fight, old enough to vote!”
So you think you can VOTE?
Can I
vote?
I just graduated from
high school in
Maryland, Class of
1972! I am 18 years
old and just got
drafted to fight in the
war in Vietnam.
YES YOU CAN!
Review
Time!
Do you have to own land to vote in
the United States?
All land
ownership
requirements
ended by 1880!
Rhode Island was the first state to
give women the vote.
Wyoming gave
women the right
to vote in 1869.
Forcing people to pay for the right
to vote was called a _________?
Poll taxes were
used to keep
poor African
Americans from
voting.
Are Native Americans US citizens?
The Indian
Citizenship Act
was passed in
1924.
The Voting Rights Act reinforced
the 15th Amendment.
After the 15th
Amendment, many
states and counties
still prevented African
Americans from
voting. The Voting
Rights Act was
written to remove
these barriers.
Which war led to the passage of
the 26th Amendment?
Many of the soldiers
fighting in the
Vietnam War were
too young to vote.
The 26th
Amendment moved
the voting age from
21 to 18.
Are residents of Washington, D.C.
banned from voting for the President?
The 23rd
Amendment was
passed in 1961.
Now people can
vote in D.C!
Susan B. Anthony worked to give
Native Americans the right to vote.
Susan B.
Anthony fought
for the right of
women to vote!
Our earliest ideas about voting
came from which country?
When the
colonists came
to America from
England, they
brought all of
the ideas and
customs along.
Qualifying to Vote
Continue of Chapter 10
•
•
•
•
18 YEARS OLD
RESIDENT OF NC FOR 30 DAYS
CITIZEN OF USA
REGISTERED TO VOTE
VOTER REGISTRATION
• Registration
– 25 - 30 days before elections
• 1995 National Voter Registration Act
– Renew their drivers’ licenses
– Also through various state and welfare offices
and agencies serving people with disabilities.
– First time voters must show proof of
citizenship, address, and age using a driver’s
license or birth certificate.
STEPS IN VOTING
• POLLING PLACE: WHERE YOU GO
TO VOTE:
– MARIETTA COMMUNITY BUILDING
– FAIRMONT: POLICE STATION OR
LIBRARY
– ROWLAND: POLICE STATION
– 7AM TO 8 PM
STEPS IN VOTING
• PRECINCT: GEOGRAPHICAL AREA
MADE UP OF Proportionally EQUAL
NUMBERS OF VOTERS
• EACH PRECINCT HAS A POLLLING
PLACE
– TOWN HALLS, SCHOOLS, FIRE
STATATIONS, COMMUNITY CENTER,
OR OTHER PUBLIC BUILDINGS
AT THE POLLS
• CLERKS TABLE:
– TELL NAME, CHECK OFF AND
GIVE BALLOT (ONLY CHECK
POLITICAL PARTY WHEN?)
• BALLOT:
– THE DOCUMENT YOU VOTE ON
– DIFFERENT KINDS EXIST AND
EACH LOCAL ELECTION BOARD
DETERMINES THE BALLOT
FORMS
CASTING THE VOTE:
VOTING MACHINES
• LEVER
MACHINE
CASTING THE VOTE:
VOTING MACHINES
• PAPER
BALLOT
OPTICALLY
READ
(BUBBLES)
CASTING THE VOTE:
VOTING MACHINES
• COMPUTER
BALLOT
CASTING THE VOTE:
VOTING MACHINES
• PUNCH CARD
BALLOT
ABSENTEE VOTING
• ABSENTEE BALLOT: USED IF
YOU CAN NOT POSSIBILLY GET
TO THE POLLING PLACE ON
ELECTION DAY
– ELECTION BOARD TO GET
– MAIL TO YOU TODAY
COUNTING THE BALLOT
• RETURNS: OFFICIAL COURTS OF
ELECTION POLLS => CERTIFIED
BY STATE
– COUNTED AT POLLING PLACE
– COUNTED AT COUNTY LEVEL
– COUNTED AT STATE LEVEL AND
CERTIFIED
– EXIT POLLS UNOFFICIAL COUNTS
WHY YOUR VOTE MATTERS
• ELECTORATE: PEOPLE
ELIGIBLE TO VOTE
• APATHY: LACK OF INTEREST
NOBODY CARES
CH 10.2: ELECTION
CAMPAIGN
TYPES OF ELECTIONS
GENERAL ELECTIONS
• FIRST TUESDAY AFTER THE
FIRST MONDAY IN NOVEMBER
– SUPER TUESDAY
– WHO IS ELECTED?
• OFFICIALS AT ALL LEVELS
VOTING ON ISSUES
• INITIATIVE: PEOPLE DRIVEN
GRASSROOTS PROJECT THAT ENDS UP
ON BALLOT
• PROPOSITION: ITEM PUT ON BALLOT
FOR PEOPLE TO VOTE ON
• REFERENDUM: GOVERNMENT DRIVEN
MOVEMENT & PUT ON BALLOT
SPECIAL ELECTIONS
• RECALL: VOTE TO GET RID OF AN
ELECTED OFFICIAL AT STATE AND
LOCAL LEVELS
• RUNOFFS: PRIMARY ELECTIONS
TO DECIDE WHO WILL WIN
MAJORITY IF NO ONE DID IN FIRST
PRIMARY
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS
• NOMINATION: NATIONAL NOMINATION
CONVENTION (NATIONAL CONVENTION)
• CAMPAIGNING
• VOTING
– POPULAR VOTE
– ELECTORAL VOTE
– WINNER-TAKE-ALL SYSTEM
REVIEW
• List 3 ways the Democratic and
Republican Party differ.
Elections and Public
Opinion
Chapter 10 Section 3
Paying for Elections
• Takes a great deal of money ($3
billion every 4 years) to run a
successful campaign. Campaigns
convince the public to vote for a
particular candidate. Campaign
workers use several techniques to
accomplish their goals.
Campaigning
•
•
•
•
Canvassing- door-to-door to solicit
voters or neighborhoods.
Endorsements- Famous and popular
person supports candidate
Advertising- Create an image to present
to public on TV, posters, ads
Propaganda-use of emotions to
convince citizens to vote a certain way
Financing Campaign
•
•
•
•
Public Funding: Presidential Campaign
Election Fund
Private Funding: Individual citizens, party
organizations, corporations, interest groups,
soft money donations and PAC’s
Soft Money- Money given to political party and
no designed for a particular candidate. Used
for National TV ads.
PAC’s (Political Action Committee)- Way for
labor unions, special-interest groups and
corporations to donate money legally.
Public Opinion
• Ideas and attitudes that most people
hold about elected officials,
candidates, government and political
issues
• Helps shape decisions of presidents
• Not uniform-everyone does not hold
the same opinion
Influences on Public Opinion
• 1. Personal Background-religion, age,
race, socio-economic
• 2. Mass Media-newspapers, TV,
radio, Internet
• 3. Public Officials- president,
senators, mayor
• 4. Interest Groups
CH 11: PUBLIC OPINION
MISNOMER: WRONG NAME
WATCH
DID EVERYONE HAVE SAME
OPINION?
PUBLIC OPINION
• IDEAS OR OPINIONS THAT MOST PEOPLE
HOLD ABOUT AN ISSUE
• AREAS THAT HAVE AN IMPACT ON YOUR
PUBLIC OPINION
–
–
–
–
–
–
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
MASS MEDIA
PUBLIC OFFICIALS
INTEREST GROUPS
HOBBIES
ETC
COMPONENTS OF PUBLIC
OPINION
• DIRECTION: POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE
• INTENSITY: STRENGTH OF THE
OPINION YOU HOLD ON A GIVEN
ISSUE
• STABILITY: HOW FIRMLY PEOPLE
HOLD TO THEIR VIEWS
MEASURES OF PUBLIC
OPINION
• POLLS: WHERE YOU ARE ASKED HOW
YOU FEEL ABOUT A SUBJECT IN A
SERIES OF QUESTIONS
• I CAN CREATE WHAT POSITION I
WANT BY ASKING THE QUESTION THE
RIGHT WAY: LOADED QUESTIONS
• RANDOM SAMPLES: 1500 PEOPLE
• POLLS IMPORTANT TO DEMOCRACY
CHAPTER 11.2
THE MASS MEDIA
• TYPES OF MEDIA
– PRINT MEDIA: NEWSPAPERS, MAG,
BOOKS
– ELECTRONIC MEDIA:INTERNET,
PHONES, TV
MEDIA’S IMPACT
• SET PUBLIC AGENDA
• CANDIDATES AND ELECTIONS: MEDIA
BIAS IN FAVOR OF WHAT PARTY?????
• ELECTED OFFICIALS: LEAKS INFO
ABOUT THEM
• WATCHDOG ROLE:
• MEDIA & NATIONAL SECURITY:
CAREFUL
PROTECTING THE MEDIA
• JOHN PETER ZENGER CASE: FREEDOM OF
PRESS
• SCHENCK V. US CASE
• FIRST AMENDMENT FREEDOM OF SPEECH
PROTECTS AGAINST GOVM’T ISSUEING
PRIOR RESTRAINT: GOVM’T CENSORSHIP
OF MATERIAL BEFORE IT IS PUBLISHED:
CANNOT DO THIS
•
OBAMA’S WAR ON FOX NEWS CHANNEL IS THIS UNCONSTITUTIONAL????
HELD MEETING IN WHITE HOUSE AND DID NOT AND DOES NOT HAVE A
CORESPONDENCE WITH THIS MEDIA CENTER????
CHAPTER 11. 3: INTEREST
GROUPS
• WHAT IS AN INTEREST GROUP?
GROUP OF INDIVIDUALS THAT JOIN
TO GETHER TO PROMOTE SOME
ISSUE THEY AGREE ON
– TYPES:
•
•
•
•
ECONOMIC INTEREST GROUPS
PRIVATE INTEREST GROUPS
SPECIAL CAUSE INTEREST GROUPS
PUBLIC INTEREST GROUPS
INFLUENCE ON GOVM’T
• ELECTION ACTIVITIES: PACS
• GOING TO COURT
• LOBBYING LAWMAKERS: LOBBYIST
TECHNIQUES OF INTEREST
GROUPS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
ENDORSEMENTS
STACKED CARDS
NAME CALLING
GLITTERING GENERALITIES
SYMBOLS
JUST PLAIN FOLKS
BANDWAGON
REGULATION OF THESE
GROUPS
• FEDERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGN ACT
OF 1971
• FEERAL REGULATION OF LOBBBYING
ACT OF 1946