SYMBIOSIS
HTTP://WWW.BUZZFEED.COM/AWESOMER/THERE -IS-APARASITE-THAT-EATS-TONGUES-AND-REPLACES-THEMWITH
PANTHER PRE-GAME
1. Which of the following lists only organisms that
are secondary consumers in this food web?
A.Mice, Rabbits, Herbivorous insects, and
squirrels
B. Predaceous insects, toads, spiders, and foxes
C.Spiders, foxes, owls, and snakes
D.Insectivorous birds, seed-eating birds, owls
19
SYMBIOSIS=
Relationship between organisms in an environment
How organisms live together
Type of Symbiosis
Effect on Species 1
Effect on Species 2
19
SYMBIOSIS=
Relationship between organisms in an environment
How organisms live together
1. Mutualism: Both organisms benefit
MUTUALISM (+,+)
• This occurs when both organisms in a symbiotic
relationship benefits.
Aphids
In the diagram on the right, the
ants benefit by receiving nectar
(food) from the body of the aphids.
The aphids benefits by being
protected from predators by the
ants.
Ants
MUTUALISM
• The relationship between bees and flowers is another
example of mutualism. The bees benefit by obtaining
food (nectar) and the flowers are benefited by being
pollinated as the bees carry pollen from one flower to
another.
MUTUALISM
Sea Anemone
The relationship between the clown fish
and sea anemone is mutualism. The
clown fish hides from its predators
among the tentacles of the sea anemome.
The sea anemone is protected by the
clown fish. The clown fish chase away
any predators of the sea anemone.
19
SYMBIOSIS=
Relationship between organisms in an environment
How organisms live together
Type of Symbiosis
Mutualism
(both benefit)
Effect on Species 1
Effect on Species 2
19
SYMBIOSIS=
Relationship between organisms in an environment
How organisms live together
2. Commensalism: One organism benefits,
the other is unaffected
COMMENSALISM (+, 0)
• In this type of symbiotic relationship, one organism will
benefit and the other one is not harmed and it does
not benefit. Nothing happens to the second organism.
The flowers in this picture are
orchids. They are epiphytes.
Epiphytes are plants that live on
other plants without harming
them. They benefit by having a
place to live and grow. The tree
does not benefit nor is it
harmed from this relationship.
COMMENSALISM
• Spanish moss is an epiphyte that lives on trees without
harming the trees. It benefits by having a place to live
and grow. The trees do not benefit and they are not
harmed.
Spanish
moss
hanging
from trees.
COMMENSALISM
In the pictures below, you can see small sea animals known as
barnacles have attached themselves to the skin of a whale and
the manatee. The barnacles benefit by having a place to live
without harming the skin of the whale and manatee. The whale
and manatee does not benefit and they are not harmed.
Barnacles
Barnacles
on the
skin of a
whale.
Manatee
19
SYMBIOSIS=
Relationship between organisms in an environment
How organisms live together
Type of Symbiosis
Mutualism
(both benefit)
Commensalism
(One Benefits/One is unaffected)
Effect on Species 1
Effect on Species 2
19
SYMBIOSIS=
Relationship between organisms in an environment
How organisms live together
3. Parasitism: One organism benefits, the
other is harmed.
19
SYMBIOSIS=
Relationship between organisms in an environment
How organisms live together
Type of Symbiosis
Mutualism
(both benefit)
Commensalism
(One Benefits/One is unaffected)
Parasitism
(One Benefits/One is harmed)
Effect on Species 1
Effect on Species 2
19
SYMBIOSIS=
Relationship between organisms in an environment
How organisms live together
4. Predation: One organism eats the other
PREDATOR vs. PREY
19
SYMBIOSIS=
Relationship between organisms in an environment
How organisms live together
5. Competition: Organisms compete for
resources
19
SYMBIOSIS=
Relationship between organisms in an environment
How organisms live together
Type of Symbiosis
Mutualism
(both benefit)
Commensalism
(One Benefits/One is unaffected)
Parasitism
(One Benefits/One is harmed)
Competition
(Compete for limited resources)
Effect on Species 1
Effect on Species 2
SYMBIOSIS=
Relationship between organisms in an environment
How organisms live together
symbiosis
1. Which situation best represents a
mutualistic relationship?
A. A tapeworm absorbing nutrients from
the intestine of a dog.
B. An orchid being pollinated by a
nectar-collecting wasp.
C. A human losing blood to a feeding
mosquito.
D. An armadillo rooting in the soil at the
base of an oak tree.
140
140
SYMBIOSIS GAME
EVALUATION
1. A cattle egret eats the insects disturbed when the
cattle forage
2. A tapeworm eats partially digested food from
another organism, depriving that organism of
nutrients
3. A shrimp digs a hole that it lives in with a Goby fish
– the Goby fish alert shrimp when danger is near
4. A Lion tracks, kills, and eats a zebra
5. Lions and Cheetahs both seek to hunt zebra,
therefore they are negatively affected by the
presence of one another