Ecology TESTDo NOT write on this test!!!!!
Choices for #1-5
A. herbivores
B. producers
C. habitat
D. heterotrophs
E. biomass
1. organisms that depend on others for food D
2. organisms that make their own food B
3. organisms that eat plants A
4. where an organism lives C
5. the amount of living matter in an ecosystem E
Choices for #6-10
6. organisms that make their own food
D
7. the first organisms to feed on producers
A. primary consumers
A
8. organisms that break down decaying material into nutrientsE
B. carnivores
9. animals that eat other animals B
C. omnivores
10. organisms that eat both producers and consumers C
D. autotrophs
E. decomposers
11. the type of ecological pyramid that shows the number
of organisms in each trophic level in an ecosystem C
12. the type of pyramid that shows how much energy
istransferredbetweentrophiclevels in anecosystem D
13. as you go up toward the top of a pyramid, this gets larger
(increases) A
14. as you go up toward the top of a pyramid, this gets smaller
(decreases) E
Choices for #11-15
A. size of organisms
B. biomass pyramid
C. pyramid of numbers
D. energy pyramid
E. amount of energy
15. the type of pyramid that shows the amount of living material
in each trophic level in an ecosystem B
16. All of the living things in a particular area or ecosystem are called
a. a community.
c. a biome.
b. a population.
d. a habitat.
17. An ecosystem consists of
a. one population of organisms.
b. the biotic and abiotic parts of the environment.
18. An organism’s niche is
a. is it’s job or role in the environment.
b. where it lives in an ecosystem.
c. what it eats.
d. All of the above
19. Which of the following does NOT represent a population?
a. all the robins in Austin, Texas
b. all the leopard frogs in the pond at Central Park, New York City
c. all the birds in Chicago, Illinois
d. all the earthworms in Yosemite National Park
c. onlythe soil, water, and weather.
d. all of the above
20. As a population reaches its carrying capacity, there is an increase in competition for
a. food.
c. mates.
b. shelter.
d. All of the above
21. A relationship between a producer and consumer is best illustrated by
a. a snake eating a bird.
c. a lion eating a zebra.
b. a fox eating a mouse.
d. a zebra eating grass.
The diagrams below show different kinds of interactions between species.
22. Refer to the illustration above. The relationship shown in Diagram “4” above is
a. commensalism.
c. mutualism.
b. competition.
d. parasitism.
.Refer to the illustration above. The relationship shown in Diagram “1” above is
a. commensalism.
c. mutualism.
b. competition.
d. parasitism.
24. Refer to the illustration above. The relationship shown in Diagram “3” above is
a. commensalism.
c. mutualism.
b. competition.
d. parasitism.
1
2
3
Both organisms benefit from the activity of each other.
One organism benefits, and the other organism neither
benefits nor suffers harm.
One organism obtains its nutrients from another, and the
other organism may weaken due to deprivation.
25. Refer to the chart above. The relationship that corresponds to number “2” in the table is known as
a. parasitism.
c. mutualism.
b. commensalism.
d. predation.
26.
a.
b.
What is the process by whichbacteria convert nitrogen gas in the air to ammonia?
nitrogen fixation
c. decomposition
excretion
d. denitrification
27. Carbon cycles through the biosphere in all of the following processes EXCEPT
a.
photosynthesis. c.
burning of fossil fuels.
b.
transpiration. d.
decomposition of plants and animals.
28. Carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere
a. during combustion and respiration
c. to repair the ozone layer
b. when dead things decay
d. during photosynthesis
29. Which of the following is NOT part of the water cycle?
a. precipitation
c. denitrification
b. evaporation
d. transpiration
Trophic (Energy) Level Pyramid
30. How much energy is lost between each trophic level in the pyramid?
a. 20%
b. 80%
c. 10%
d. 90%
. Refer to the illustration above. How much energy is available to the organisms in level “C”?
a. all of the energy in level “A” plus the energy in level “B”
b. all of the energy in level “A” minus the energy in level “B”
c. 10 percent of the energy in level “B”
d. 90 percent of the energy in level “B”
32. In the illustration above, which organism is a secondary consumer?
a. plant b. rat
c. snake
d. eagle
33. In the illustration above, which organism is an herbivore?
a. plant
b. rat
c. snake
d. eagle
. In the pyramid illustrated, if the primary consumers contain 550 kcal of energy,
w much did the producers contain?
a. 5500 kcal
b. 55 kcal
c. 5.5 kcal
d. 55000 kcal
35. Only a small amount of the energy stored in an organism can be passed on to the next trophic level. Of the remaining
energy, some is used for the organism’s life processes, and the rest is
a.
used in reproduction. c.
stored as fat.
b.
stored as body tissue. d.
eliminated as heat.
36. Which of the following is the correct order of ecological organization from largest to smallest?
a. organism, biome, ecosystem, community, population
b. biome, ecosystem, community, population, organism
c. organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome
d. organism, community, population, ecosystem, biome
37. In going from one trophic level to the next higher level,
a. the number of organisms increases.
b. the amount of usable energy increases.
c. the amount of usable energy decreases.
d. diversity of organisms increases.
38. Which of the following would be a possible food chain in the food web above?
a. algae
penguin
elephant seal b. algaecod
krill
c. algae
squid
leopard seal
d. krill
algae
penguin
39. Refer to the illustration above. The photosynthetic algae are
a. producers.
c. parasites.
b. consumers.
d. decomposers.
40. Refer to the illustration above. The diagram, which shows how energy moves through an ecosystem, is known as a
a. habitat.
c. food net.
b. food chain.
d. food web.
41. Refer to the illustration above. Leopard seals are
a. producers.
c. herbivores.
b. omnivores.
d. carnivores.
42. In a food web, which type of organism receives energy from every other type?
a. producer
c. decomposer
b. carnivore
d. herbivore
43. Succession is
a. an organism’s ability to survive in its environment.
b. the number of species living in an ecosystem.
c. the regular progression of species replacement in an environment.
d. the transfer of energy through a food chain.
44. In theillustration above, the pioneer species would be the ________________ and the climax community would be
the _____________________.
a. barren soil, spruces.
c. aspens, grasses.
b. grasses, spruces.
d. grasses, aspens.
45. Which of the following types of succession would most likely occur after a forest fire?
a. primary succession
c. secondary succession
b. old field succession
d. lake succession
46. secondary succession : cleared forest ::
a. pile of rock and gravel : secondary succession
b. primary succession : moss
c. primary succession : new volcanic island
d. succession : the absence of plants
Biome
Average Yearly
Temperature Range
Vegetation
1
-10°C – 14C
Needle-leaved evergreen trees
2
0°C – 25°C
3
24°C –34°C
Succulent plants, scattered grasses
4
25°C – 50°C
Broad-leaved hardwood trees and
shrubs
Tall grasses in moist areas; short
grasses in drier areas
47. Refer to the table above. Biome “4” is called the
a a. temperate deciduous forest.
c c. coniferous forest.
.
.
b b. tropical rain forest.
d d. temperate rain forest.
.
.
48. Which of the following biomes is characterized by evergreen trees and mammals such as moose, bears, and lynx?
a. taiga
c. temperate rain forest
b. polar
d. tundra
9. Herds of grazing animals are most likely to be found in a
a. savanna.
c. deciduous forest.
b. tropical rain forest.
d. taiga
50. The biome that makes up most of the central part of the United States is
a. rain forest.
c. tundra.
b. temperate grassland.
d. deciduous forest.
51. Which of the following animals would most likely be found in a tropical rain forest?
a. monkeys
c. deer
b. caribou
d. leopards
52. Which of the following is characteristic of the photic zone of the ocean but not the aphotic zone?
a. fish
c. bacteria
b. whales
d. photosynthesis
53. The sulfur and nitrogen compounds in smog combine with water to form
a.
ozone.
c.
acid rain.
b.
ammonia.
d.
chlorofluorocarbons.
54. When erosion and other factors cause soil to lose its ability to hold water and other nutrients and to support plant life,
it is called
a.
desertification.
c.
deforestation.
b.
depletion.
d.
monoculture.
55. As DDT moves up the trophic levels in food chains, or food webs, its concentration
a.
stays the same.
c.
decreases.
b.
increases.
d.
is eliminated.
World Population Growth
56. Refer to the illustration above. Human population growth would best be described as
a a. exponential.
b. constant
c c. logistic.
d. none of the above
.
.
57. Some fern leaves will shrivel up when touched by your finger. This is an example of
a. gravitropism
b. phototropism
c. hydrotropism
d. thigmotropism
58. Which of the following is NOT a renewable resource?
a. solar power
b. water
c. coal
d. wind
59. Migration is a behavior that is usually influenced by
a.
changing seasons.
c.
the rise and fall of tides.
b.
the phase of the moon.
d.
the time of day.
60. Many insects are brightly colored, often involving the color red. Although this would seem to make them more
vulnerable to predators, it actually makes them unappealing to predators. This is an example of _____________
because it make them resemble other insects who are may be toxic or poisonous.
a. territorial behavior
b. mimicry
c. migration
d. hibernation