Chapter 8.1 Notes: Growth & Cell Reproduction
Cells reproduce by
dividing
Name: ____________________________________________
Fill in the blanks with an asterisk next to it *
Most of the cells in your body reproduce by dividing into
two cells called
*____________________________________________. Each
daughter cell contains an exact copy of the DNA found in
the original (parent) cell (Figure 8.1).
The process of one cell dividing into two daughter
Cell division in
prokaryotic cells
cells is called *_____________________________. Most
cells reproduce by cell division.
As you learned earlier, prokaryotic cells like bacteria do
not have a nucleus. Their DNA is found bunched up in
the cytoplasm. Because of this, their
cell division is *__________________________________
than the division of eukaryotic cells.
Bacteria reproduce by splitting in *________________.
Each daughter cell contains one copy of the DNA
What are
chromosomes?
from the *_______________________________________.
Eukaryotic cells are usually larger and more complex
than prokaryotic cells.
The DNA of a eukaryotic cell is found in the
*________________________________________. That DNA
is organized into structures called
*________________________________________. A
chromosome is a structure made of
*________________________________________ and
*________________________________________ in the
nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.
Chromosomes organize DNA into distinct units. The
proteins in a chromosome help support its structure and
function. But the genetic information of the cell is stored
in the DNA.
Chapter 8.1 Notes: Growth & Cell Reproduction
Name: ____________________________________________
Humans have 46
chromosomes (23
pairs)
How many do
Chickens have?
*
Tomatoes?
*____________________
THE CELL
CYCLE
The life cycle of a
cell
The life cycle of a cell is called the
*_____________________________________________.
The cell cycle is the period of time from the beginning of
one cell division to the beginning of the next. It consists
of three stages:
*
*__________________________________________ and
Interphase
*________________________________________________.
The longest stage of the cell cycle is called interphase.
Interphase is the stage that occurs in
*________________________________________________.
During interphase the cell
*_____________________________________________ and
develops and performs its functions.
Toward the end of interphase (just before the cell begins
to divide), the amount of
*_______________________________________________.
Organelles of the cytoplasm (like mitochondria) also
Chapter 8.1 Notes: Growth & Cell Reproduction
Mitosis
Name: ____________________________________________
double in number.
The second stage of the cell cycle is called mitosis.
Mitosis is the process in cell division where the nucleus
divides into two nuclei, each with an identical set of
*_______________________________________________.
Mitosis is divided into four phases: prophase, metaphase,
anaphase, and telophase. The illustration on the facing
page shows what happens during each phase.
The Cell Cycle
Diagram shows
what happens
during each phase
of the cell cycle.
You should try and
memorize what
happens in each
step.
Cytokinesis
The shortest stage of the cell cycle is called cytokinesis.
In cytokinesis, the
*________________________________________________
and its organelles divide into two
*________________________________________________.
Each daughter cell contains a nucleus with an identical
set of chromosomes. The two daughter cells then start
their own cycles, beginning again with the interphase
stage.
Chapter 8.1 Notes: Growth & Cell Reproduction
Name: ____________________________________________
OBSERVING THE CELL CYCLE WITH A
MICROSCOPE
Interphase – Look
for the nucleolus.
The chromosomes
will be invisible.
Prophase –
Chromosomes have
started to coil and
are now visible.
Nuclear membrane
breaks down. Look
for spindle fibers.
Metaphase –
Chromosomes will
be lined up in the
MIDDLE of the cell.
Spindle fibers are
attached to center
of chromosome.
Anaphase – The
chromosomes split.
They move AWAY
from each other
and head to
opposite sides of
the cell.
Telophase –
Chromosomes are
clustered at
opposite ends of
the cell. A nuclear
membrane forms
around each cluster
of chromosomes.
See the above picture for Prophpase as well.