Lipstick Jehad –Azadeh Moaveni
Kimberley Brown, PhD.
Portland State University
Iran
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http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/atlas_middle_east/iran.jpg
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Azadeh Moaveni
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the
Islamic Republic of Iran
Formed in 1979
• Partner in ASEAN
• GDP= $1.016 trillion (2012 est.)
• 2013 oil output= #4 in the world
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2.295 million bbl/day (2009 est.)
• Top export partners: Japan, China, Turkey,
Italy, and South Korea
• Top import partners: Germany, China,
UAE
•
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General Statistics
77% literacy rate
 More than 18 million Internet users
 4th largest population of bloggers in the
world
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General Demographics
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Ethnic groups:
Persian 61%, Azeri 16%, Kurd 10%, Lur 6%, Baloch 2%,
Arab 2%, Turkmen and Turkic tribes 2%, other 1%
Languages:
Persian (official) 53%, Azeri Turkic and Turkic dialects
18%, Kurdish 10%, Gilaki and Mazandarani 7%, Luri 6%,
Balochi 2%, Arabic 2%, other 2%
Religions:
Muslim (official) 98% (Shia 89%, Sunni 9%), other
(includes Zoroastrian, Jewish, Christian, and Baha'i)
2%
Population:
79,853,900 (July 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 18
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Timeline – 1969 on
Timeline: Retrieved on 11/1/13 from
http://web.presby.edu/womenworldlit/satrapi
/Satrapi.html
 1971-Muhammad Reza Shah celebrates
2,500 years of the empire at Persepolis.
 1975- Economic turmoil begins after Soviet
influence and the assist of the U.S. against
the soviets. Inflation, Lower oil revenue, and
a budget deficit.
 1976- The Shah replaced the Islamic calendar,
causing more anti-Islamic revolts.
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Timeline continued
1978- The Shah's police is in full force with such
instances as killing of hundreds of protestors in
Qom, Tabriz and other areas. The Shah institutes
martial law.
 1979- The Iranian Monarchy collapses due to the
1979 revolution. The Shah flees Iran. Khomeini
returns and the Islamic Revolution begins.
Khomeini unified country around constitution.
The Islamic Republic was declared on April 1.
 1980- Iraq invades Iran. Iran holds its first
Presidential Election.
 1988- Iran and Iraq end war on agreement with
UN. Only after a loss of 750,000 Iranians.
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Timeline continued
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1989- Ayatollah Khomeini dies. Khamenei
takes over as supreme leader.
1993- Ali Akbar Hashemi-Rafsanjani is
elected as President.
1995- US places oil and trade sanctions on
Iran accusing them of sponsoring terrorist
actions.
1997-Mohammad Khatami- Ardakani is
elected president, promising political and
social reforms and an economic
revitalization.
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Timeline continued
2002- US states that Iran is "an axis of evil" and
makes claims they are pursuing weapons of mass
destruction.
 2005- Mahmoud Ahmadinejad wins the new
Presidential election. He made claims to return to
the values of the Revolution of 1979.
 2009- Ahmadinejad wins re-election to President,
sparking controversy and protests due to the
concern of vote rigging. 30 people are killed and
over 1,000 arrested as a result of this. He then
releases his vice president under the advice of
Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.
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Shifting Identities One
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Shifting Identities Two
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References
Doostdar, A. 2004. The vulgar spirit of blogging: On
language, culture, and power
◦ in Persian weblogestan. American Anthropologist, 106 (4), pp.
651-662.
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Education in Iran: Overview. Retrieved on June 15,
2010 from
http://www.britishcouncil.org/iran-discover-iraneducation-in-iran-education-system.htm
Education System in Iran. Retrieved on June 15, 2010
from
http://wwww.iran-embassyoslo.no/embassy/educat.htm
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References
Gordon, R. G., Jr. (Ed) 2005. Languages
of Iran. In Ethnologue: Languages of the
World, Fifteenth edition. Dallas, TX:
SIL International Online version:
http://www.ethnologue.com/.
Iranian Education Statistics. Retrieved
on June 15, 2010 from
http://www.nationmaster.com/co
untry/ir-iran/edu-education
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References Continued
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Jazayery, M. 1966. Western influence in
contemporary Persian: A general view.
◦ Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies,
University of London, 29 (1), pp. 79-96.
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Mehran, G. 1999. Lifelong learning: New
opportunities for women in a Muslim
◦ country (Iran). Comparative Education, 35 (2), Special
Number (21): Lifelong learning and the education of
mature adults, pp. 201-215.
Sadeghi, A. 2001. Language planning in Iran:
A historical review. International
◦ Journal of Sociology of Language 148, 19-30
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References Continued
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Semati, Mehdi (ed) 2008. Media, Culture and
Society in Iran: Living with Globalization
◦ and the Islamic State. New York: Routledge.
Shiranipour, R. 2002. Women’s rights,
writing and education in Iran. Changing
English (1358-684X), 9 (1), p. 35.
The World Factbook: Iran. Retrieved on
May 29, 2008 from https:
www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-worldfactbook/print/ir...
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Recommended Readings and other
Resources
See Muslim Journeys Annotated
Bibliography Handout
 Link to the Colbert report:
http://www.colbertnation.com/thecolbert-report-videos/148508/january-282008/marjane-satrapi
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