Appendicular Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton
• 126 bones – suspended by girdles from axial
skeleton
• Designed for movement
• Pectoral girdle – 4 bones
• Upper extremity -Arm – 1 bone
- forearm – 2 bones
- hand = wrist, palm &
fingers – 27 bones [each]
• Pelvic Girdle – 2 bones
• Lower Extremity – leg – 1 bone
- lower leg – 2 bones
- foot = ankle, instep & toes –
26 bones [each ]
- Patella – 2 bones
*Pelvic or Hip Girdle:
•Attaches the lower extremity to the axial
skeleton
•Provides support for body weight
Hip / Coxal bones [ ossa coxae, innominate bones]
Ilium – ASIS, PSIS
Ischium - tuberosity
Pubis - rami
Symphysis pubis
Obturator foramen
Acetabulum
Lower Extremity
• Leg [thigh] – femur
Head
Fovea capitis
Neck
Trochanters –
greater/lesser
Condyles –
medial/lateral
Epicondyles
Lower Extremity
*Leg – region between
knee and ankle
• Fibula – lateral bone
• Tibia – medial bone
Malleolus
Condyles –
medial/lateral
Tibial tuberosity
Patella [kneecap] a flat, triangular sesamoid bone
Enclosed within the quadriceps tendon
Ankle or Tarsus
Contains 7 tarsal bones
Calcaneous = heel bone
Talus
Cuboid
Navicular
Cuneiforms – lateral,
intermediate & medial
Foot
• Metatarsals – not
named, but numbered
1 – 5 starting at
medial side
• Toes – phalanges or
digits: 3 bones
[proximal, distal &
middle] for each toe,
except big [great]
toe which has 2 [no
middle phalanx]
Pectoral or Shoulder Girdle
•Clavicle [collarbone] – ‘S’
shaped bone * most frequently
fx’d bone of body
•Scapula [shoulder blade] –
thin, flat, triangular bone.
Acromion
Spine
Coracoid process
Gleniod fossa/cavity
Upper Extremity
• Arm [brachium] humerus
Head
Tubercles – greater/lesser
Epicondlyes – medial/lateral
Olecranon fossa
Capitulum
Trochlea
Upper Extremity
*forearm – region between
elbow and wrist
• Ulna
Olecranon process
• Radius
head
Styloid process
Wrist or Carpus
• Contains 8 carpal bones
Bound tightly by ligaments
Arranged in 2 rows
Scaphoid Trapezium
Lunate
Trapezoid
Triquetral Capitate
Pisiform
Hamate
Hand
•Metarcarpals – not named,
but numbered 1-5 starting on
lateral [thumb] side
•Fingers – phalanges or digits:
3 bones [proximal, distal &
middle] for each finger,
except thumb, which has 2 [
no middle phalanx]