Mammals
Cats, whales, moles, bats, horse, people,
platypus, kangaroos
Mammals produce milk
and nurse their young
Many have scent glands
that are used for marking
territories or defense
Specialized teeth which are
replaced only once in a lifetime
carnivores
Herbivores
omnivores
Most have sweat glands and
sebaceous (fat secreting) glands
Highly developed brain
and nervous system
3 middle ear bones
external ear flaps called pinnae
Smallest: a bat weighing .05 oz
Pigmy
shrew
Hognose bat
(aka bumblebee
bat)
Largest: BlueWhale
Three Sub Class
• Monotremes
• Marsupials
• Placentals
Monotremes:
• egg laying mammals
• no nipple to nurse from
• leathery egg shells
Name (Monotreme) means “one opening” for a
cloaca (urinary and reproductive opening is the
same)
left and right side of brain are not connected
don’t have actual teeth
grind food with flat plates
Echidna -puggle
have a 6th sense in
their bill: can detect
small electrical currents
Marsupials
•Offspring born prematurely
•Baby crawls to mother’s mammary gland in a
•pouch
•Finishes gestation at the mother’s teat
•Left and right side of brain
Tasmanian Devil
are not connected
•Epibubic bones are usually
present
•Right aortic arch is absent
and red blood cells lack nuclei
•Herbivores
Koala
Wombat
Bandicoot
Live primarily in Australia, Tasmania, and New guinea
In U.S. : opossum
Placentals
•entire gestation is
inside the mother
•embryo is fed from
the mothers body
16 Orders- These are a few
Chiroptera: Bats
Carnivore
Artiodactyla
Rodentia
Cetaceans
Sirenia
Proboscidea
Primates
Dermoptera (gliding lemurs)
Perissodactyla
Insectivores
Edentates
Chiroptera: Bats
• second largest order of mammals
•wide variety of teeth – based on diet
•examples: fruit bat, vampire bat
•only flying mammals
fly at speeds up to 65 km/hr
See by echo
location
Carnivore
•All eat meat
•On top of the food chain
•Examples: lions, tiger, bears,
wolves, cheetah
•Pacific northwest is carnivore
territory
•learned to adjust to human
presence
Artiodactyla
•examples: antelope, deer
•fast running
•all have even number of toes
•each toe encased in a horny hoof
•all are herbivores
Rodentia
•includes beavers, chipmunks, mice, porcupines, squirrel
•produce large litters each year
•large incisors that continue to grow though out life
•largest order of mammals and most successful
•most are omnivores
Cetaceans
•all must come out of water to breathe
•Use echo-location to navigate and
communicate
fastest: bull Orca
longest flippers:
humpback whale
Cetaceans con’t
smallest: dolphins and porpoises largest: whales
narwhal has the biggest teeth
sperm whale dives the deepest
heaviest brain: sperm whale
A group of these is called a pod
blowholes identify them
Sirenia
•means mermaid-like appearance (inspired by
manatess when seen from ships)
•examples: manatees and dugong
•herbivores
•small bones
•live entire life in water
•endangered
Proboscidea
•elephants
•extinct: mammoths and mastodons
•largest land animals
•trunks for spraying water, carrying food,
smelling, lifting,
•tusks are extra long incisors on upper jaw
•large ears
Primates
•example: humans, apes, monkeys
•all have opposable thumbs
•binocular vision with eyes facing forward
•usually no more than three offspring per year
•visual acuity and color perception
Dermoptera (gliding lemurs)
•membrane from neck to fore paws to back feet to tail
•don’t fly – they glide from tree to tree
•live in trees
•diet is fruit and leaves
•nocturnal
•endangered
•also called colugo
Perissodactyla
•examples: horse, zebra,
rhinoceroses, tapirs
•all have an odd number of
toes
•herbivores
•grazing animals
•flat teeth
•rudiment stomach for
digesting cellulose (4
stomaches)
Insectivores
•moles and shrews
•all eat ONLY insects
Edentates
•giant anteaters, armadillos and tree
sloths
•have NO teeth but still feed on
insects