1. ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate): Energy storing molecule in cells composed of an adenosine,
a sugar and 3 phosphate groups.
2. ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate): molecule formed from the breaking off a phosphate group
for ATP: results in the release of energy.
3. Photosynthesis: process of trapping energy from sunlight with chlorophyll and use this
energy to convert CO2 and water into simple sugars.
4. Light-dependent reactions: first phase of photosynthesis where light energy is converted
into chemical energy in the form of ATP.
5. Light-independent reactions (Calvin Cycle): a series of reactions during the 2nd phase of
photosynthesis in which simple sugars (glucose) and ATP
6. Pigment: molecules that absorb sunlight
7. Chlorophyll: light-absorbing pigment in plants that is required for photosynthesis: absorbs
most wavelengths of light except green.
8. Electron Transport Chain: a series of proteins found in a membrane in which electrons are
transported and when passed from one molecule to the next energy is released.
9. NADP+: carries electrons
10. Photolysis: reaction in the thylakoid membranes during light-dependent reactions where
two molecules of water are split to form oxygen, hydrogen ions and electrons.
11. Cellular Respiration: chemical process where mitochondria break down food molecules to
produce ATP
12. Anaerobic: does not require oxygen
13. Aerobic: reactions requiring oxygen
14. Glycolysis: in cellular respiration, series of anaerobic chemical reactions in the cytoplasm
that breaks down glucose into pyruvic acid; forms a net profit of two ATP molecules.
15. Krebs Cycle: in cellular respiration, series of chemical reactions that breaks down glucose to
produce ATP; energies the electron carriers that pass the electrons to the electron transport
chain.
16. Lactic Acid Fermentation: anaerobic chemical reactions in which pyruvic acid uses NADH to
form lactic acid and NAD+, which is then used in glycolysis; supplies energy when oxygen for
aerobic respiration is scarce.
17. Alcoholic Fermentation: anaerobic process in which cells convert pyruvic acid into carbon
dioxide and ethyl alcohol
1. ____________________ (Adenosine Triphosphate): Energy storing molecule in cells composed of
an adenosine, a sugar and 3 phosphate groups.
2. _____________________ (Adenosine Diphosphate): molecule formed from the breaking off a
phosphate group for ATP: results in the release of energy.
3. ______________________: process of trapping energy from sunlight with chlorophyll and use this
energy to convert CO2 and water into simple sugars.
4. ________________________________: first phase of photosynthesis where light energy is
converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP.
5. ________________________________ (Calvin Cycle): a series of reactions during the 2nd phase of
photosynthesis in which simple sugars (glucose) and ATP
6. ____________________: molecules that absorb sunlight
7. ____________________: light-absorbing pigment in plants that is required for photosynthesis:
absorbs most wavelengths of light except green.
8. ____________________: a series of proteins found in a membrane in which electrons are
transported and when passed from one molecule to the next energy is released.
9. ____________________: carries electrons
10. ___________________: reaction in the thylakoid membranes during light-dependent reactions
where two molecules of water are split to form oxygen, hydrogen ions and electrons.
11. ___________________: chemical process where mitochondria break down food molecules to
produce ATP
12. ___________________: does not require energy
13. ___________________: reactions requiring oxygen
14. ___________________: in cellular respiration, series of anaerobic chemical reactions in the
cytoplasm that breaks down glucose into pyruvic acid; forms a net profit of two ATP molecules.
15. ___________________: in cellular respiration, series of chemical reactions that breaks down
glucose to produce ATP; energies the electron carriers that pass the electrons to the electron
transport chain.
16. _______________________________: anaerobic chemical reactions in which pyruvic acid uses
NADH to form lactic acid and NAD+, which is then used in glycolysis; supplies energy when oxygen for
aerobic respiration is scarce.
17. _______________________________: anaerobic process in which cells convert pyruvic acid into
carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol