MPS 11: The Unique You
Donald R. Woods
Chemical Engineering Department
McMaster University
Hamilton, Ontario
Canada
1
MPS 11: The Unique You
Def: You are unique. Inventories can help you
discover that uniqueness
2
MPS 11: The Unique You
WHY IMPORTANT?
1. Know how best to problem solve.
2. Know best how to learn
3. Self confidence
4. Self and awareness of other’s styles
5. Improves interpersonal problem solving, team
skills and self-directed, interdependent learning.
6. To help us to set goals & seek guidance.
3
MPS 11: The Unique You
Where I’m coming from
- Presented this workshop over 50 times in different
cultures & countries; high school, community,
industry, university
- Use Validated inventories for which I have received
copyright permission to use.
4
MPS 11: The Unique You
5
MPS 11: The Unique You
Steps in developing self confidence, self esteem
1. Self awareness
2. Aware of what others do
3. Acceptance of self & others
4. Stress Mgt & Skill at self assessment
5. Know target behaviours for skill being developed
6. Complete small goals set by others with +ve feedback
7. Set own achievable goals with criteria, self assess
8. Self confidence
6
MPS 11: The Unique You
Pretest: Use an “x” to rate your
Awareness & Skill
Time 10 s Finish by _________
Objectives...
Read over...
Time _____ Finish by _________
7
MPS 11: The Unique You
8
MPS 11: The Unique You
General
1. Jungian typology
2. Rotter locus of control
3. Kirton KAI or Risk
Learning
4. LASQ Deep, surface strategic learn
5. Perry role of instructor
6. SDLRS self directed learning readiness scale
7. Alper-Haber AAT student anxiety about exams
8a. Kolb learning cycle interesting but haven’t found use
8b. LASSI overview of learning attitude & approaches, excellent but $
9
MPS 11: The Unique You
Stress, Distress, Self image, happiness
9. Holmes-Rahe or Gmelch, annual stress
10. Kellner-Sheffield long & short term stress, self image
11. Beck happiness
Problem Solving
12. Heppner PSI confidence
13. Billings-Moos skill, avoid
14. Basadur PS interesting but haven’t found it helpful
Creativity
15. Basadur ideation
Team work
16. Shutz’s FIRO-B Form, storm, norm, perform
17. Johnson’s conflict & extend to difficult behaviours
l
10
MPS 11: The Unique You
#1 Jungian typology
Activity 1:
• as an individual complete and score Jungian Typology
Subtract 20 from each number. Record the 4
characteristics with POSITIVE values. The larger the
positive value, the greater your style.
• TIME 5 min
• Share information: complete
• summary
• Values change very little over your lifetime.
11
MPS 11: The Unique You
12
MPS 11: The Unique You
13
MPS 11: The Unique You
14
MPS 11: The Unique You
#1 Jungian Activity 2: Do you belong here?
Cluster
IP
I
IJ
P
IEPJ
J
EP
E
EJ
15
MPS 11: The Unique You
#1 Jungian Activity 2:
Cluster
NT
T
ST
N
NSTF
S
NF
F
SF
16
MPS 11: The Unique You
#1 Jungian, So What?
1. Fairly robust; little change over lifetime
2. Be sensitive to preferences; explicitly
consider preference of opposite dimension.
Example, Dominant S, likes examples and concrete
details; caution: may not see big picture, may not
look for theory that characterizes preferences of
dominant N
17
MPS 11: The Unique You
#1 Jungian So What?
I-E For the I-E dimension: at the I pole, people tend to
validate ideas and decisions within themselves ("OK
I'll just think about this quietly by myself and see if I
agree with this proposal."). At the E pole, the
preference is on getting validation and input from
others ("What do others think of this proposal?").
The population is 25% with the I preferences and
75% with the E.
18
MPS 11: The Unique You
#1 Jungian typology
S-N For the N-S dimension: at the N pole, people prefer to see
the "big picture", the abstract, imagination, ideas, concepts,
the theory. They might lose patience with continually
focussing on the nitty gritty detail.("And so our plans for the
next five years are...") At the S pole, people prefer the nitty
gritty, concrete practical details. ("But what are we going to
do tomorrow?") They may have trouble seeing the big
picture. For general populations about 25% of the
population have a preference for the N pole, to some
degree; about 75% have a preference for the S pole.
19
MPS 11: The Unique You
#1 Jungian typology
T-F For the T-F dimension: at the T pole, people prefer
facts, logic, reasons, things; they may tend to omit
the feelings of people. ("To improve the flow of
paper, we need to reorganize this office"). At the F
pole, the focus is on the feelings of people, at the
expense of objectively considering the facts of the
situation. ("But how will Marcie feel, she likes a
desk by a window so her flowers can grow"). The
adult population is split 50-50 in terms of
preference for this dimension.
20
MPS 11: The Unique You
#1 Jungian typology
P-J For the P-J dimension: at the P pole, people tend to
postpone making decisions and taking action until they feel
they have all the data. They like to gather data and really
understand what it is they are working on. They may be
unconcerned about deadlines. ("For the broken TV, there is
probably one little transistor that is wrong. Let me find it.")
At the J pole, the focus is quick decisions, meeting deadlines,
and action; they need to beware of making decisions with
insufficient information. (For this broken TV, I'll just change
the circuit board and you can get on with watching your
program. There, that's done") The population is split 50-50
in terms of preference for this dimension.
21
MPS 11: The Unique You
#1 Jungian, So what?
SN for note-taking in MPS 12 and 35 and for
conflict in MPS 45.
SN and TF for studying for exams in MPS 5, 12
and 34.
Use PJ for decision making MPS 24 and trouble
shooting, MPS 34.
Use IE for interpersonal skills MPS 52 and group
skills MPS 28.
22
MPS 11: The Unique You
23
MPS 11: The Unique You
Jungian &
Study for
test
24
MPS 11: The Unique You
#1 Jungian, So what?
SN tends to suggest learning style:
• S prefers examples, focus on sensory input,
practical, concrete facts and data. Start with
examples. Tend to run out of time on tests.
• N prefers the big picture, theory, variety, look
for meaning, focus on the subconscious. Tend
to make careless mistakes on tests.
25
MPS 11: The Unique You
#1 Jungian, so what?
SN & TF suggests preferred style of coping with
conflict, MPS 45
•
ST force
•
NT avoid
•
NF accommodate
•
SF problem solve, negotiate.
26
MPS 11: The Unique You
#2 Rotter locus of control
(or element 1 of Heppner PSI)
Prefer Low numbers
27
MPS 11: The Unique You
#2 Rotter locus of control
So What? Prefer low numbers
Problem solving: have sense of control over
strategies, attitudes and actions you take
Use for stress management & suggestion:
Only worry about things over which you have
control
28
MPS 11: The Unique You
#3 Kirton/Risk
Activity 2:
• as an individual complete and score Kirton or
Risk inventory.
• TIME 5 min
• Share information: complete
• summary
• Robust: your style does not change over the years.
29
MPS 11: The Unique You
#3 Kirton inventory
#3 Risk inventory
30
MPS 11: The Unique You
31
MPS 11: The Unique You
#3 Kirton/Risk
So What? There is no best way; score robust; unchanging over years.
32 – 86 Adaptive. Problems seen as defined & focus on doing things
better. New data into existing structures. Prefer structured
environment; change causes greater stress.
86-110 work either as Adaptive or Innovative. Good as intrapreneurs.
110-135 Innovative. Problems: focus on doing things differently,
minimize/forget the constraints. New data give new structures. Prefer
unstructure. Enjoy change; sometimes difficult adjusting to ongoing
organizational demands
>135 Have difficulty working for organizations. Prefer to be a consultant
and being own boss.
All are valued and needed.
32
MPS 11: The Unique You
#4 LASQ
Activity 3:
• as an individual complete and score LASQ.
• TIME 5 min
• Share information: complete
• summary
• your style changes over the years. Part depends on
teacher
33
MPS 11: The Unique You
Strategic:
see qualifications as main reason for learning
find out details of assessment & try to impress
teachers
competitive. Self confident & driven by hope for
success
34
MPS 11: The Unique You
Surface/ Memorize:
rely on rote learning
focus on what is defined in the calendar & just
what teacher expects
may lack self-confidence & have test anxiety
not willing to seek relationships between ideas;
focus on facts
35
MPS 11: The Unique You
Deep/Meaning:
actively seek to link what they study to real life
examine evidence critically & use it cautiously
actively relate new knowledge to previous
want to learn for its own sake
Effective = Strategic + Meaning - Memorize
36
MPS 11: The Unique You
LASQ
37
MPS 11: The Unique You
#4 LASQ, So what?
Values change.
Learn solely from lectures, then gradually shift
to surface learn.
Learn via cooperative learning, PBL, values shift
to deep learning.
Prefer deep and/or strategic learn.
38
MPS 11: The Unique You
#5 Perry, 2 to 5
Your attitude
about your role
in learning
39
MPS 11: The Unique You
#5 Perry: data for university students
40
MPS 11: The Unique You
#5 Perry, So what?
Values can change;
Want 4 to 5 when participate in PBL or for
lifelong learning
41
MPS 11: The Unique You
#6 SDLRS gives feedback about your confidence in
working as a self-directed learner.
Activity: complete and score the SDLRS inventory
This is a snapshot image of where you are now. Your
numbers will increase; you will delight in seeing
progress.
42
MPS 11: The Unique You
#6 SDLRS, Total
Self Management
43
MPS 11: The Unique You
#6 SDLRS, So what?
Values can be increased;
Want to shift to high values on all scales.
Related to development of learning skills
MPS 12, 36
44
MPS 11: The Unique You
#7 Alpert-Haber exam anxiety scale AAT
Activity: As individual complete the AlpertHaber inventory. Score TIME
10 min
45
MPS 11: The Unique You
#7 AAT Debilitating & Facilitating performance
on exams.
Want low on Debil;
high on Facil
46
MPS 11: The Unique You
#7 AAT. It’s frustrating when your marks on a
test or exam are 5 to 30 marks lower than you
know you know
Exam anxiety: related to study skills? NO
Relate to stress?
YES
So what? If number > 60, visit MPS 5 and
implement stress management activities that
work for you. I want to and I can!
Debilitation values can be decreased.
47
MPS 11: The Unique You
#7, Exam anxiety, what to do about it:
use inventories to identify what might be cause of high
exam anxiety
#10, Kellner-Sheffield
K-S short term
>18
K-S long term
> 14
K-S self image
> 15
#12, Heppner avoidance of difficult problems > 55
48
MPS 11: The Unique You
Self awareness Stress Tests
#9, Annual change:
Holmes Rahe or Holmes Gmelch
#10, Kellner-Sheffield
Daily stress: Shealy
#13, Billings-Moos: how you handled stress
#7, Exam anxiety
49
MPS 11: The Unique You
#9 Activity:
As individual complete
#9, Holmes- Rahe; or Holmes-Gmelch index:
Multiply each individual stress load by the
number of times that event happened this
past Year ______ to ________
You want the total number. 0 to 1000
50
MPS 11: The Unique You
#9 Holmes Rahe: Example data of annual stress
experienced by students
51
MPS 11: The Unique You
#9, Example data of annual stress experienced
by engineers
52
MPS 11: The Unique You
#9, Holmes-Rahe Holmes-Gmelch , So what?
Feedback: Guidelines only. Don’t read too much into them
Depends on what you have experienced this past year.
High values:
- be patient with yourself. You’ve been through a lot. The simple things aren’t easy
to do.
- Be tolerant with self. Try some coping techniques
Low values:
– others have been through a lot, be patient with them.. Could happen to you.
– Try coping techniques in preparation.
Revisit MPS 5 Stress Management and MPS 17 Time management
53
MPS 11: The Unique You
#10 Kellner Sheffield want low values
54
MPS 11: The Unique You
#10, Kellner Sheffield inventory
Results: Want low numbers
Range
Typical
Short term stress: 8 -32
13.5
Long term stress: 8 – 32
12.3
Self image:
12.1
7 – 28
This year
55
MPS 11: The Unique You
#10 Kellner Sheffield, So what?
All values can be decreased.
Revisit MPS 5 Stress Management and MPS 17
Time Management
56
MPS 11: The Unique You
#11 Beck Happiness
Feedback about attitude about life
So what?
Values change, want values < 20
Total score of
•
21 - 25
minimal depression
•
26-32
mild depression
•
33- 35
moderate depression
•
36-42
severe depression
57
MPS 11: The Unique You
Problem Solving
#12. Heppner: PSI confidence
58
MPS 11: The Unique You
Heppner, Problem Solving confidence
adults, college students, n = 148
Effectiveness of training
59
MPS 11: The Unique You
#11 Heppner, So what?
Confidence in your ability to solve problems.
Values change to lower values via workshops.
Avoidance: focus on positively working on
difficult problems
Confidence in PS skill; check the list of target
behaviours from MPS 1, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9
60
MPS 11: The Unique You
#13. Billings-Moos:
Problem solving skill
problem avoidance
61
MPS 11: The Unique You
#13 Billings Moos, skill, So what?
Want high values for problem solving
Want low values for problem avoidance
Values change with training, MPS program
62
MPS 11: The Unique You
#13 Billings Moos
Problem Avoidance is an element of both
Heppner and Billings Moos.
Are they measuring the same thing?
No, they do not correlate.
Heppner is about attitude and confidence.
Billings Moos is about performance & actual skill
63
MPS 11: The Unique You
#13 Billings Moos, So what?
Moos is about skill; Heppner is about attitude
64
MPS 11: The Unique You
#15. Basadur, enjoys ideation, want high values
Before & after 8 h training, N = 32, 28, 196
65
MPS 11: The Unique You
#15 Basadur, prefer to judge, want low values,
Before & after 8 hour workshop
66
MPS 11: The Unique You
Team work
#16. Shutz’s FIRO-B, Form, storm, norm, perform
This inventory gives feedback about your
attitudes related to the Form, Storm and
Perform stages of group/team work
67
MPS 11: The Unique You
#16 FIRO-B
68
MPS 11: The Unique You
#16, FIRO B
high numbers show preference; norms given
69
MPS 11: The Unique You
#16, FIRO B, So what?
Values range from 0 to 9 in each; 4-5 handle either; 6-7
or 2-3 = noticeable ; 8-9 or 0-1 suggests very strong
tendency.
Affection tendency is more important than control &,
in turn, is more important than inclusion.
Social Interaction index =Total is from 0 – 54;
higher values suggest more likely to be outgoing, friendly and
gregarious;
low suggests reserved and shy.
70
MPS 11: The Unique You
#16, FIRO-B, So what?
Ratio of expressed/ wanted should = 1
If ratio is very high or very low, suggests
frustration and conflict.
Example, control = 0/9 suggests want to be
involved socially but unskilled &
uncomfortable expressing this. May be very
sensitive to being left out.
71
MPS 11: The Unique You
#17 Johnson, preferred approach in dealing
with conflict. Higher numbers show preference and ease
Nurses N = 88
Engineers, managers N = 43
72
MPS 11: The Unique You
#17 Johnson conflict. So what?
All 5 approaches are needed: example
Accosted by a drunk… withdraw
House on fire… force kids out of house.
Ease with which you can use the approach is suggested
by ratings.
Use MPS 45 to train when to use each style.
73
MPS 11: The Unique You
#17. Johnson’s conflict extend to difficult behaviours
74
MPS 11: The Unique You
So what?
For problem solving:
Heppner PS for confidence; Moos PS, for skill
Work tough problems:
Heppner Avoid for confidence; Moos, for skill
Breadth of issues in defining problems: TF & SN
Making decisions & trouble shooting: PJ
Group problem solving: FIRO-B and IE ; KAI, conflict
Manage emotions: FIRO-B, KS, Beck, Holmes Rahe, Rotter &
Heppner control
75
MPS 11: The Unique You
So what?
For learning: SN & TF, Perry, LASQ, AAT, SDLRS
For creativity: skill, Basadur; how apply, KAI
For conflict: Johnson, SN, TF
76
MPS 11: The Unique You
Summary
Return to pretest: Use a circle to summarize your
rating of your
Awareness
Skill
Time 10 s
_________________________________________
The Objectives are:...
77
MPS 11: The Unique You
DISCOVERY
78