Chapter
Training and
Development
Managing Human Resources
PowerPoint Presentation by Monica Belcourt, York University
and Charlie Cook, The University of West Alabama
Learning Outcomes
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Discuss the systems approach to training and
development.
Describe the components of training-needs assessment.
Identify the principles of learning and describe how they
facilitate training.
Identify the types of training methods used for
managers and non-managers.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various
evaluation criteria.
Describe the special training programs that are currently
popular.
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–2
The Scope of Training
 Training
 Development
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
© 2010 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–3
The Systems Approach to Training and
Development
Four Phases:
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–4
Phase 1: Conducting the Needs Assessment
 Organization Analysis
 Task Analysis
 Person Analysis
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–5
Phase 2: Designing the Training Program
Issues in training design
Instructional objectives
Trainee readiness and motivation
Principles of learning
Characteristics of successful trainers
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–6
i.
Instructional Objectives
 Represent the desired outcomes of a training
program.
 Provide a basis for choosing methods
and materials and for selecting
the means for assessing
whether the instruction
will be successful.
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–7
ii. Trainee Readiness and Motivation
 Strategies for Creating a Motivated Training
Environment:
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–8
iii. Principles of Learning
Figure 7–4
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–9
iii. Principles of Learning (Cont’d)
Focus on learning and transfer
Goal setting - What’s the value?
Meaningfulness of presentation
Behavioural modelling
Recognition of individual learning
differences
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–10
iii. Principles of Learning (Cont’d)
Focus on method and process
Active practice and repetition
Whole versus-part learning
Massed-vs-distributed learning
Feedback and reinforcement
Spot Reward Program and Behaviour
Modification
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–11
iv. Characteristics of Successful Instructors
Include:
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–12
Phase 3: Implementing the Training
Program
Choosing the instructional method
Nature of training
Type of trainees
Organizational extent of training
Importance of training outcomes
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–13
Training Methods for Non-managerial Employees
Include:
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–14
Training Methods for Non-managerial
Employees (cont’d)
On-the-job training (OJT)
Drawbacks
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–15
Training Methods for Non-managerial
Employees (cont’d)
Overcoming OJT training problems
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–16
 Training Methods for Non-managerial
Employees (cont’d)
The PROPER way to do On-the-Job Training
P - Prepare
R - Reassure
O - Orient
P - Perform
E - Evaluate
R – Reinforce and Review
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–17
Training Methods for Non-managerial
Employees (cont’d)
Apprenticeship training
Cooperative training
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–18
Training Methods for Non-managerial
Employees (cont’d)
Internship Programs
Classroom Instruction
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–19
Training Methods for Non-managerial
Employees (cont’d)
Programmed Instruction
Audio Visual Method
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–20
Training Methods for Non-managerial
Employees (cont’d)
Simulation
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–21
Training Methods for Non-managerial
Employees (cont’d)
E-Learning
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–22
Training Methods for Non-managerial
Employees (cont’d)
E-Learning Advantages include:
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–23
Training Methods for Management Development
Include:
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–24
Training Methods for Management
Development (Cont’d)
On-the-Job Experiences
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–25
Training Methods for Management
Development (Cont’d)
Seminar and Conferences
Case Studies
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–26
Training Methods for Management
Development (Cont’d)
Management Games
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–27
Training Methods for Management
Development (Cont’d)
Role Playing
Successful role play requires that instructors:
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–28
Training Methods for Management
Development (Cont’d)
Behaviour Modelling

An approach that demonstrates desired behaviour and gives
trainees the chance to practice and role-play those
behaviours and receive feedback.

Involves four basic components:
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–29
Phase 4: Evaluating the Training Program
Measuring program effectiveness
Criterion 1: Trainee reactions
Criterion 2: Extent of learning
Criterion 3: Learning transfer to job
Criterion 4: Results assessment
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–30
Criterion 1: Reactions
 Participant Reactions

The simplest and most common approach to training
evaluation is assessing trainees.

Potential questions might include the following:
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–31
Criterion 2: Learning
 Checking to see whether they
actually learned anything
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–32
Criterion 3: Behaviour
 Transfer of Training
 Maximizing the Transfer of
Training
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–33
Criterion 4: Results or Return on Investment
(ROI)
 Utility of Training Programs

Calculating the benefits derived from training:
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–34
Criterion 4: Results (cont’d)
 Benchmarking

The process of measuring one’s own services and practices
against the recognized leaders in order to identify areas for
improvement.
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–35
Special Training and Development Topics
Organization-wide training programs
Orientation training
Basic skills training
Team and cross-training
Diversity training
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–36
Special Topics in Training and Development
(cont’d)
 Orientation

A formal process of familiarizing new employees with the
organization, their jobs, and their work units.

Benefits:
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–37
Highlights in HRM 7.8
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–38
Special Topics in Training and Development
(cont’d)
 Basic Skills Training
 Typical basic skills:
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–39
Special Topics in Training and Development
(cont’d)
 Team Training
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–40
Special Topics in Training and Development
(cont’d)
 Ethics Training
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–41
Special Topics in Training and Development
(cont’d)
 Diversity Training
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.
7–42