Starter (October 10)
Copy your Chapter 9 Vocabulary Words. TEST date
is planned for Tuesday, October 18th.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Islam
Bedoiuns
Sheikh
Muhammad
Ka’bah
Qur’an
Hijrah
Medina
Mecca
Abu Bakr
11.Caliphs
12.Umayyads
13.Sunnis
14.Shi’ah
15.Imams
16.Abbasids
17.Vizier
18.Five Pillars of
Islam
19.Hajj
20.Jihad
21. Ulama
22.shari’ah
23.Al-Shafi’I
24.Sufism
25.Astrolabe
26.Mamlukes
27.Fatimids
28.Mahmud of
Ghazna
29.Saljuqs
30.ghazis
31.Sultan
32.Muham
mad alGhazali
33.Allah
34.Calligrap
hy
35.Fasting
36.Alms
37.Mosque
38.Arabian
Peninsula
Class Interactive KWL
K: Know
W: Want to Know
L: Learned
Each student will receive a sticky note.
Students who know about Islam will write one fact on the
front of their sticky and place it under the K. These
students will begin our class discussion on the Islamic
faith. (Write your name on the back of your sticky to
assure you get credit for your participation.)
The Rise of Islam
What is Islam?
Video Clip from youtube.com
Islam Quick Facts
• Islam is a monotheistic religion focusing on the
teachings of Muhammad.
– Muhammad’s teachings are written in the Qur'an
(Islamic Holy book) as they were spoken to the prophet
from Allah (god).
• A follower of the Islamic faith is called a Muslim.
• There are two main denominations of Islam—Sunni
(80-90%) and Shia (10-20%).
• About 25% of the earth’s population are Muslims
and Islam is the fastest growing religion in the
world.
– Islam is also the fastest growing religion in the United
States.
Deserts, Towns, and Trading Routes
• Harsh environments of
the Arabian Peninsula
(where Africa, Asia, and
Europe all meet) affected
life of the Arab people.
– The desert people were
nomads who herded
animals from one oasis
to another.
– Over time, people called
bedouins began to settle
into towns and cities.
• Bedouins lived in family
groups called clans.
Loyalty and warrior skills
were important aspects of
their society.
• These settlers began to
trade as a way of life.
• The city of Mecca became a caravan center even
though it was not a fertile oasis.
– Mecca was located at the intersection of two trade routes
which made it a logical place for traders to stop and pray.
• The Ka’aba, an ancient shrine, was used to worship the many
different gods and spirits of Arabic society.
• The bedouin culture influenced Arab society.
– Arab society developed into clans that cherished
extended family networks in which fathers made
important decisions.
• Male clan members advised the sheik (leader of the tribe).
– Women could own and inherit property. The primary role
of the woman was to be a mother.
• Conflicts often arose in the 500s as different clans
wanted to control trade and town governments.
•
Muhammad
the
Prophet
Muhammad was born around 570 AD.
– He became an orphan at 6 years old.
• Raised by his grandfather and uncle
– He received very little formal education.
• He became a great merchant.
• Worked under a wealthy widow named Khadijah
– Married her at the age of 25 (she was 40)
» They had 3 sons and 4 daughters, but only one
daughter (Fatimah) survived past childhood
• Traveling likely made him familiar with other religions
including Judaism and Christianity.
• When he was 40, he went into a cave to meditate where the angel
Gabriel spoke to him.
– Muhammad believed that god, Allah, had spoken to him
through Gabriel and was asking him to recite his message.
– Over the next 22 years, Muhammad had other revelations which
he compiled into the Qur’an, the holy book of Islam.
Muhammad Leaves Mecca
• Muhammad’s revolutionary teachings led to unrest in Mecca.
– The leaders of Mecca felt that his rejection of polytheism
threatened the profits that came to Mecca from pilgrimages
made annually to visit the Ka’bah.
• Muhammad was already known for his piety (religious devotion).
– He was asked to come to Yathrib to serve as an arbitrator
between feuding tribes.
– In 622, Muhammad made the hijrah (flight or migration) to
Yathrib leading his followers out of Mecca.
• Once in Yathrib, Muhammad became a spiritual and political
leader.
• Yathrib’s name was changed to Medina meaning “City of the
Prophet.”
– Later 622 was marked the first year in the Islamic
calendar based upon the hijrah.
• Once in Medina, Muhammad developed traditions that
moved away from Jewish and Christian practice.
– Previously, prayer had been performed toward the city of
Jerusalem.
• A revelation commanded Muslims to begin facing
Mecca and the Ka’bah.
• Muhammad continued to convert traders and desert tribes
until Meccans gave in 630.
– In 630, Mecca allowed Muhammad to return and accepted
Islam.
• Muhammad and his followers destroyed the idols at
the Ka’bah.
• Muhammad died in 632 in Medina, but he had laid the
foundations for Islam to spread beyond the Arabian Peninsula.
Starter (October 11)
Copy the sentence and fill in the blanks.
1. Muhammad is the prophet of a religion
called _____.
2. A follower of Islam is called a ______.
3. One of the central beliefs of this religion is
that there is only one God. This makes it a
________ religion.
4. Muhammad married a woman who was
fifteen years older than him named
________ who is considered his first convert.
Beliefs and Practices of Muslims
• The central ideas of Muslim are found in the Qur’an.
• Muhammad’s life also helps guide through his example—this is
called the Sunna.
• Islamic laws and rules are called the shari’a.
• Muslims typically dress modestly—the hijab is meant “to cover”
the body.
• Muslims believe that Allah is the same God that Jews and
Christians worship.
– According to Muslims, the Qur’an perfects the earlier
teachings of God present in the Jewish Torah and the Christian
Bible.
• This makes Jews and Christians “people of the Book” which
granted them special status in Islamic society.
Duties of Muslims: Five Pillars of Islam
• There are 5 duties of a Muslim. They are:
1. Faith: A Muslim must state the belief that, “There is no
God but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of
Allah.”
2. Prayer: A Muslim must pray to Allah, facing Mecca, five
times a day.
[Preferably, this would take place in a mosque. Also, typically
takes place on a sajjada, or prayer rug.]
3. Alms: Muslims must give alms (or money) to the poor.
4. Fasting: A Muslim must fast during the holy month of
Ramadan. They must eat only one meal a day after
sunset, every day during this month.
5. Pilgrimage: A Muslim should perform the hajj—a trip to
the holy city of Mecca—at least once in his or her life.
Classwork
• Create a visual that represents the five pillars
of Islam.
– You may draw one picture that culminates all of
these pillars or draw five separate pictures (but all
5 pillars must be evident in your work).
• You must use color and blank paper.
• 15 minutes
The Death of Muhammad
• With Muhammad’s death, many Muslims felt
they were free to leave Islam.
• Also, debates arose surrounding who should
take lead of the Islamic Empire.
– Some believed Muhammad’s cousin Ali should be
leader (Ali was also married to Fatimah).
– However, Abu Bakr, Muhammad’s oldest friend
and one of his first converts, was chosen to lead
the faith.
Muhammad’s Successors
• Abu Bakr was given the title caliph.
–Caliph: “successor” or “deputy”
• Abu Bakr quickly dealt with a group of
Arabs who abandoned Islam.
–He defeated them over a two-year
period, but died soon after his victory.
–Abu Bakr’s army began to conquer new
lands.
• Many people conquered by the Muslims
found the religion appealing and
converted to Islam.
–Some converted due to the message of
Islam.
–Others converted to avoid paying a tax
that was required of non-Muslims
Umar
• On Abu Bakr’s deathbed in 634, he chose Umar to succeed
him.
– Umar was also a close friend of Muhammad.
• Umar developed a system in which families enlisted within
the army in order to share the wealth of the community.
– Arab armies grew stronger allowing for more expansion.
• In 637, the Muslim Empire defeated the Persians.
• In 638, the Muslims took Jerusalem.
• In 642, the Muslims had added the Nile Valley to its list of
conquests.
• Umar was murdered by a Persian slave in 644.
– On his deathbed he chose a small group of men to chose
his successor.
• This group chose Uthman, an early convert, bypassing Ali again for
the caliphate causing tensions to rise within the Muslim faith.
Questions and Answers pt 1
Starter (October 12)
Provide the term being defined (copy the
definitions)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Arab prophet who founded Islam
Follower of the religion of Islam
Muhammad’s move from Mecca to Medina in 622
Islamic house of worship
Pilgrimage to Mecca
Holy book of Islam
Islamic model for living based on the life and teachings of
Muhammad
8. Body of Islamic law codes
Uthman
• Uthman was a member of the Umayyad of
Mecca who only converted to Islam due to
pressure.
– Many accused of Uthman of favoring his clan
members.
– Uthman was killed in 656 by an Egyptian
rebel.
• Ali was finally chosen as caliph, but many
Umayyads were unhappy with the transfer
of power.
Ali vs. Mu’awiya
• Mu’awiya became the leader of the Umayyads after Uthman’s
death.
– Mu’awiya demanded that Ali turn over the assassins who
had murdered Uthman.
• When the assassins were not turned over, Mu’awiya
challenged Ali by claiming the caliphate was his.
– A civil war broke out between the two.
– In 657, Mu’awiya asked for a truce which Ali granted.
• Many of Ali’s followers were angered by the talk of a
truce.
• The war ended in 661 when Ali was assassinated by a former
supporter.
• Ali’s death gave Mu’awiya control of the caliphate.
The Muslim Split
• Most Muslims accepted Mu’awiya as caliph
and remained Sunni.
– Sunnis belief that any “good Muslim” can
serve as caliph.
– Sunnis are said to be “followers of the
Sunna.”
• Ali’s supporters became known as the
Shi’ah.
– Shi’ah means “Party of Ali.”
– The Shi’ah believe that descendants of
Ali were blessed by Allah due to their
relationship to Muhammad.
• They call Ali’s successors imams who
they believe are the only people who
can interpret the Qur’an.
The Umayyad Dynasty
• Uthman was the first of many Umayyad caliphs.
– The early Umayyad caliphs secured their power in 661 by
moving the capital from Medina to Damascus.
• Expansion was a central part of the Umayyad’s period of control.
– By 700. the Muslims had reached the Atlantic Ocean.
– Islamic troops moved into France, but did not take over the
country in the 730s.
• Classes developed:
– Arab conquerors
– Second-class clients (converts to Islam)
– Non-Muslims (those who did not convert)
• As the converts grew larger in numbers, they resented being
second-class and began a revolt with support from the Shi’ah.
The Abbasid Caliphate
Answer the following questions in your notes. This will be collected on
test day! Answer in complete sentences. (Section 2 and 4)
1. In what year did the Abbasids take control?
2. Where did the name Abbasids originate from?
3. Where was the capital of the Abbasids?
4. What new title was given to the caliph?
5. What was a vizier?
6. What led to the decline of the Abbassids?
7. Who were the Samanids and how did they contribute to the decline
of the Abbassids?
8. Describe the role of mamluks in the Abbassid caliphate.
9. Who are the Fatimids and what impact did they have on the
Abbassid caliphate?
th
4
Period
Just provide the answer—for today
only—we are in a time crunch!
1. What is Muhammad’s “example” of how
Muslims should live?
2. List the 5 Pillars of Islam.
3. What is term for the Islamic law code?
4. Provide 2 similarities and 1 difference
between Muslims and Christians.
Starter (October 13)
• On a BLANK sheet of paper, draw a large stick
person that takes up the whole page. You
need to draw on your stick person hands, feet,
and a heart.
• Get creative if you like—make him look like a
Muslim.
• I will explain the assignment you will be doing
at the bell.
“Good Muslim” Stick Person
1. At the hands, list things that a good Muslim does/should do.
2. At the feet, list the “travels” of a good Muslim. (Where do
they go or might they go?)
3. Above the head, write what a good Muslim thinks or believes.
4. Out from the ear, write what a good Muslim hears—this could
include people who may speak to him/her and influence their
thinking.
5. At the heart, list a good Muslim’s innermost desire.
6. Out from the eye, write what a good Muslim’s vision is for the
future.
15 minute assignment
Islamic Civilization
• A lot of culture that people call Islamic, is
actually dependent upon where the Muslims
live.
– For example:
• Not all Muslims cover themselves with a veil. Veiling
began as a Persian custom.
• “Honor killings” are not a Muslim practice. However, in
some regions of the world they are not heavily
punished.
• Islamic civilization included the Five Pillars of
Islam.
• Muslims are forbidden to eat pork and cannot
consume alcohol.
• Slavery was permitted in the Islamic Empire.
– Slave owners were encouraged to free their slaves.
– Slaves were required to be treated humanely.
– Slaves could buy their freedom.
– Slaves were typically from conquered lands.
– No free Muslim could be enslaved. (If a child was
born to a female slave and a free male, the child
was free.)
Gender Relations
• Men could have no more than four wives
(permitted polygamy).
– Women could only have one husband.
• Women could inherit property.
• Remember, veiling and the wearing of the
jihab differed depending upon location.
– Typically, women are expected to be covered
much more than men.
Jihad
• Jihad means “holy war,” but the Qur’an does
not say that this war should be used as a
threat or act of terror.
• In the early years of the empire, Muslims
often faced persecution.
– More accurately, jihad is a “struggle for the faith.”
• Jihad was permitted against invaders.
• Muslims believe if you die in DEFENSE of your
faith, you are automatically permitted to
paradise (or heaven).
Islamic Law
• The Sunna nor the Qu’ran covered every aspect
of life for Muslims—it was considered
important to develop laws to ensure salvation.
• During the Umayyad Dynasty’s reign, people
began to mistrust the role of caliph as example
of ways.
– The development of the ulama, male religious
scholars, provided guidance for religious practice.
• The ulama created the shari’ah (Islamic law code) which
guided personal actions such as marriage, divorce, and
business law.
Sufism
• Influenced by Indian thinkers, some Muslims
became concerned with materialism.
• Considered mystics, this group aimed at living
a simple life devoted to Allah.
– They chose to live poor which they believed made
them more in touch with the sufferings of early
converts to Islam.
• Sufism seemed radical to many Muslims at
first—distrust and violence often occurred.
– Today, sufism is widely accepted as religious
practice—some Sunnis even practice sufism.
“Expert Groups”
• In assigned groups, you will examine one of the following to
share with the class:
– Science and Learning
– Literature and the Arts
– Umayyad Spain
– Expansion Through Trade
• China and India
• Africa
• Money and Banking
• You need to create a brief summary to share with the class.
You will be graded on developing a summary and sharing
valuable information—DO NOT COPY THE TEXT!
• I will type bulleted notes from the information you provide.
Starter (October 14)
In your textbook, page 269, complete
“Reviewing Terms” and “Reviewing Chronology”
of the Chapter 10 Review.
(On Reviewing Terms, copy the question with
the answers. You can just put the answers in
order for Reviewing Chronology.)
The Turks and Islam
• Many Turks began to assimilate into Persian
and Muslim culture after the Muslims entered
Central Asia in the in the 550s-560s.
– The Turkish Empire had fallen apart, but they were
skilled in fighting.
– RECALL: What are Turkish slaves called who were
required to fight in the Muslim army?
Turkish Rule
• Groups of Turkish Muslims including the Ghaznavids and the
Saljuqs established empires by creating strong armies.
• Many Turks considered themselves ghazis (“warriors of the
faith”).
• Turkish rulers considered themselves champions of Sunni
Islam and the Abbasids.
– These rulers used the title sultan (one who rules by the
power of the sword).
– These rulers believed the caliph was in charge of religious
matters, but the sultan should control the military issues
and other secular issues.
• European invasions led to the decline of
Turkish rule. The Mongols would later restore
much of the lost lands.
Vocabulary Review Game =]