1. What two rivers did Mesopotamia lie between? 29
2. What is Hammurabi famous for? 33
3. What was the natural barrier that protected Egypt? 36
4. What was the purpose of the pyramids? 37
5. What are monsoons? 45
6. How did the Mandate of Heaven affect the dynastic cycle? 54
7. What is nirvana? 69
8. How are Hinduism and Buddhism similar? 69
9. Name two civilizations of the ancient world that specialized in the sea trade> 72-73
10. What was the Phoenicians greatest legacy? 74
11. Why was concept of monotheism not easily accepted by everyone? 78
12. What were the Ten Commandments? 79
13. What were the two famous city states of ancient Greece? 128 & 129
14. Why was Socrates condemned to die? 138
15. Name the famous writer of the Republic? 138
16. What famous Greek ruler conquered Egypt? 143
17. What cultures made up the Hellenistic culture? 146
18. Why was the city of Alexandria so important? 146
19. How did Julius Caesar die? 162
20. What happened during the Pax Romona? 162
21. What was the main reason Christians posed a problem for Romans? 170
22. Why did Christianity spread so quickly throughout the Roman Empire? 170
23. Why did the Roman Empire start to decline? 173 & 175
24. Name some important principals of Roman law? 183
25. What does the word “Muslim” mean? 265
26. What journey does each able Muslim have to make at least once in their life? 267
27. What is the difference between the Sunni and Shiites? 271
28. Why was the coronation of Charlemagne so important? 357
29. What was the feudal system? 360
30. What did knights receive in exchange protecting their lord? 360
31. Why were Pope Gregory VII and Henry IV upset with one another? 372
32. What did the Concordat of Worms do? 372
33. What were the three biggest problems going on in the early Catholic Church? 379
34. What was the purpose of the Crusades? 362
35. What legacy of the Crusade still is lingers today? 385
36. How was the Great Schism solved? 399
37. The Renaissance was a revival of what? 471
38. What was a Renaissance man? 473
39. Who were Erasmus and Thomas More? 482
40. Who invented the printing press? 484
41. What were the three teachings of Luther? 489
42. What was signed making Henry VIII the head of the English church? 493
43. What was the main belief of John Calvin? 495
44. What were the doctrines of the Council of Trent? 499
45. Name the three G’s that were the reason for European exploration? 529
46. What country was the leader in sailing technology? 530
47. What were Prince Henry’s contributions to exploration? 530
48. What did Vasco da Gama do for Portugal? 532
49. Where in the Americas did Christopher Columbus land? 554
50. Who destroyed the Aztecs? 556
51. How was he able to destroy them? 556
52. What was the encomienda system? 557
53. Why did Europeans decide to enslave Africans? 566
54. What was the middle passage? 569
55. What is the Columbian Exchange? 571
56. Under mercantilism, how does a country reach a favorable balance of trade? 575
57. Which type of rulers used the “divine right” theory? 594
58. Which king was France’s most powerful ruler? 598
59. What did Peter the Great want to do to Russia to help it grow stronger? 610
60. How did Peter go about doing this? 610
61. Why was Charles II’s reign called the Restoration?
62. Which document limited the power of English kings?
63. What was contained in it? 617
64. Who came up with the heliocentric theory? 624
65. Who said you should doubt everything until proved by reason? 626
66. What did Isaac Newton contribute to science? 627
67. Why did Hobbs say a social contract was needed? 629
68. What did Voltaire contribute to America’s government? 630
69. What was the colonists’ verbal response to the Stamp Tax? 641
70. What famous document was written by Thomas Jefferson? 641
71. How did John Locke influence the Declaration of Independence? 642
72. What was the first governing body of America’s republic? 644
73. What was the Tennis Court Oath? 654
74. What happened on July 14th in France? 655
75. Who did the Jacobins call for the death of? 659-660
76. Who instituted the Reign of Terror? 660
77. Napoleon’s sudden seizure of power was called what? 664
78. What were the results of the Battle of Trafalgar? 667
79. What country did Toussaint help to liberate? 682
80. What countries did Jose de San Martin help to liberate? 683
81. Why is Miguel Hidalgo important to Mexico? 685
82. What is nationalism? 687
83. What title did King Wilhelm take when he began to rule Germany? 697
84. What was the Industrial Revolution? 717
85. Name the three factors of production needed for industrialization. 718
86. What happened to England’s population as a result of the Industrial Revolution? 724
87. What is laissez-faire? 734
88. Who wrote the Wealth of Nations? 734
89. Karl Marx is associated with what form of government? 737
90. What happened at the Berlin Conference? 776
91. Why was Ethiopia never put under European control? 783
92. How did England acquire the Suez Canal? 789
93. Why was India referred to as England’s “jewel in the crown”? 791
94. Why did the Sepoy Mutiny occur? 793
95. What made England sell opium to the Chinese people? 805
96. What were the extraterritorial rights? 806
97. What was the Taiping Rebellion? 807
98. How did the Open Door Policy benefit America and China? 808
99. Why did the Boxer Rebellion happen? 808
100. What did the Treaty of Kanagawa do? 810