What is a Prokaryote?
A LIVING cell that:
 NO Nucleus or membrane bound
organelles. “Pro” = “No Nucleus”
 DOES have Cell Membrane, DNA (circular
type), Ribosomes, Cytoplasm, and Cilia
and/or Flagella
Bacteria
What is a Eukaryote?
All Plant, Animal, Fungi, Protista Cells!!!
 Have NUCLEUS and Membrane bound
organelles “Eu” = “Yes Nucleus”
What MUST all cells
(Eukaryotes & Prokaryotes)
have? 4 Things:
DNA
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane
Ribosomes
What 3 things does a Plant cell
have that an Animal cell does
NOT have?
•Cell Wall
•Chloroplasts
•Large Vacuole
List the 3 parts of the
Cell Theory
Cells are the basic unit of life
Cells come from existing cells
All living things are made of 1 or
more cells
Who invented the microscope
and saw the first living cells in
pond water and called them
“wee beasties?”
Leeuwenhoek
Who saw cork and
named the chambers
“Cells”?
Hooke
Sounds like cork!
What did
Schwann say?
What did
Schleiden
say?
Schwann claimed that all
animals are made of cells.
Schleiden claimed that all
plants are made of cells.
Think: Schwann sounds like
Swan the animal
Think: Schlidin’ down the
vine and vines are
plants
Who claimed that all cells must
come from existing cells
(reproduce)?
Way to Remember:
Cows come from cows
Cells come from cells
Who did this experiment and did he
believe in biogenesis or abiogenesis?
Redi - Biogenesis
Who did this experiment and did he
believe in biogenesis or abiogenesis?
Needham – Abiogenesis
He needed more information on how to do a good experiment
Who did this experiment and did he
believe in biogenesis or abiogenesis?
Pasteur - Biogenesis
The cell’s FUNCTION!
What are the four levels of cell
organization starting from the
cell?
What is it called when cells
perform a specific function
for an organism?
Give some examples
Cell Specialization
Red blood cells
blood cells
Nerve cells
What is the semi-permeable,
phospholipid bilayer (contains
lipids and proteins) that regulates
what goes in and out of a cell?
Cell
Membrane
Cell Wall
What does the cell wall do
for a plant cell?
What 3 things pass
through the cell
membrane or cell wall
easily?
Diffusion
Osmosis
Diffusion
What is located in the cell membrane to
selectively allow things into and out of the
cell?
Proteins & Protein Channels
What is the jelly-like substance
between the cell membrane and the
nucleus?
Cytoplasm
What is the control center of
the cell?
NUCLEUS
What is the organelle that is inside
the nucleus and makes ribosomes?
Nucleolus
What is the genetic material that is inside
the nucleus called when it is threadlike?
Chromatin (Hint: looks like spaghetti)
What is the genetic material inside the
nucleus called when it has condensed and
preparing for cell division?
Chromosome
What covers the outside of the nucleus
and what are the holes called to allow
ribosomes and RNA out?
Nuclear Membrane and
Nuclear Pores
What is the organelle that makes energy
for the cell?
What cells have it?
Mitochondria
Plant & Animal
What makes proteins in the cell?
Hint:
What organelle makes food by
photosynthesis for the plant
cell?
Chloroplasts
What are chloroplasts,
leukoplasts, and
chromoplasts called?
Plastids
What is the large sac in a plant cell and small
sac in an animal called that holds water and
used for storage?
What digests and gets rid of
unwanted things inside of the cell?
What is the organelle that is a folded
membrane and moves material
throughout the cell such as proteins,
lipids, or carbohydrates?
Transportation of Proteins
Transportation of Lipids & Carbs
What is the organelle that packages and
wraps materials to transport out of cell?
Hint: Think of sending a gold necklace
to your friend through the mail.
Golgi Bodies or Apparatus
What are the
microtubules
covering the cell like
hair used for
movement?
What are the
microtubules that
are whip-like and
used for movement?
Cilia
Flagella
The movement of molecules from an area of
HIGH → LOW concentration is called
________?________
Water movement across the
cell membrane is called
_____.
What is the transportation of particles across the
cell membrane called that does NOT NEED ENERGY
but NEEDS A PROTEIN CHANNEL?
What is the transportation of particles across the cell
membrane from low to high concentration called that
DOES NEED ENERGY (ATP) and NEEDS A PROTEIN
CHANNEL?
ACTIVE
TRANSPORT
What is the transportation of particles into the cell
called when the particle is too big to fit through the
protein channel? Hint: Enters cell
What is the transportation of particles out of the
cell called when the particle is too big to fit through
the protein channel? Hint: Exits cell
Endocytosis and Exocytosis (moving big particles in or out
of the cell) is also called _______ ________.
Bulk Transport
When the solute concentration inside
and outside of the cell is equal this is
called______ and the cell shrinks, swells,
or stays the same?
Stays the
same
When the solute concentration outside
the cell is higher than inside the cell it is
called______ and the cell shrinks, swells,
or stays the same?
Cell
Shrinks
When the solute concentration inside the cell
is higher than outside the cell it is
called______ and the cell shrinks, swells, or
stays the same?
Cell
Swells
and could
Burst
Name the 3 reasons cells cannot be the
size of a basketball.
1. Geometry: Volume
increases faster than
Surface area
2. Practical aspects: Nucleus
can’t handle that big of a
job.
3. Specialization: Lots of
smaller cells that do the
same function can work
together to perform a big
job.
Be able to identify the
organelles in plant and animal
cells from various pictures!!!!
Be able to identify which
organelles belong to Plant,
Animal, or Prokaryotic Cells
!