Anatomy
Test Review
1
 Which
component of blood is directly
responsible for transporting oxygen to
body cells?
A.
plasma
B.
platelets
C.
red blood cells
D.
white blood cells
2
A boy jumps into a cold swimming pool and his
body temperature goes down. His muscles,
blood vessels, and nervous system work together
to restore his body temperature. Which term
best describes this process?
A.
homeostasis
B.
hypothermia
C.
reflex
D.
respiration
3
Which of the following carries nerve impulses
from pressure receptors in the skin to the
central nervous system?
A.
capillary
B.
marrow
C.
motor neuron
D.
sensory neuron
4
Examining a bone marrow sample could
help a doctor diagnose problems with
which of the following?
A.
sense of balance
B.
speed of reflexes
C.
production of blood cells
D.
filtering of wastes from blood
5
What is the primary role of the stomach in the
human digestive system?
A.
producing specialized salts that absorb fats
B.
absorbing water and minerals from
undigested food
C.
using muscle movements and enzymes to
break down food
D.
transferring nutrients from digested food to
the bloodstream
6
A dog gives birth to five puppies. What
percentage of its chromosomes does each
puppy share with the mother?
A.
25%
B.
50%
C.
75%
D.
100%
7
In which of the following ways does the respiratory
system help to maintain homeostasis during exercise?
A.
Reserves of oxygen are built up in the alveoli.
B.
The pharynx supplies glucose so that the
muscles can produce ATP.
C.
Breathing rate is increased to exchange
oxygen and carbon dioxide more rapidly.
D.
The lungs release hemoglobin so that the
blood can carry more oxygen to tissues.
8
Hepatitis is a disease of the liver. Which of the
following happens as a result of decreased liver
function?
A.
Carbon dioxide builds up in the liver.
B.
Toxic compounds build up in the blood.
C.
The kidneys take over the functions of the liver.
D.
The stomach produces the enzymes needed
for digestion
9
Which term describes the maintenance of a
steady internal state in the body?
A.
gametogenesis
B.
homeostasis
C.
mitosis
D.
respiration
10
Crohn’s disease causes inflammation of the
digestive tract, particularly the small intestine.
Inflammation of the small intestine would directly
interfere with which of the following digestive
functions?
A.
liquefying food
B.
reabsorbing water
C.
absorbing nutrients
D.
moving food to the stomach
11
In the human respiratory system, the contraction
and relaxation of a muscle called the diaphragm
helps move air through which of the following
structures?
A.
artery, capillary, and vein
B.
larynx, pharynx, and trachea
C.
atrium, trachea, and ventricle
D.
esophagus, kidney, and pharynx
12
In which part of the human digestive system
do both physical breakdown and chemical
breakdown of food first begin?
A.
esophagus
B.
mouth
C.
large intestine
D.
small intestine
13
An EEG is a medical instrument that measures
and records the electrical activity of the brain.
The brain’s electrical activity is directly caused
by which of the following?
A.
production of ATP
B.
synthesis of hormones
C.
repair of damaged tissue
D.
transmission of nerve impulses
14
Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter in the human body.
As a neurotransmitter, acetylcholine is directly responsible
for which of the following?
A.
speeding up the rate of biochemical reactions in
cells
B.
assisting in the transport of nutrients in the
bloodstream
C.
carrying the signal for a nerve impulse from one
neuron to the next
D.
facilitating diffusion of amino acids across the
plasma membrane of cells
15
Joints are most important for which of the
following functions of the human skeletal system?
A.
protection
B.
movement
C.
storage of minerals
D.
blood cell formation
16
Degenerative nerve diseases destroy nerve cells.
These diseases can lead to paralysis by interfering with
which of the following?
A.
transport of hormones that stimulate muscle
cells
B.
production of ATP that is required by muscle
cells
C.
transmission of electrochemical signals from the
brain to muscle cells
D.
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
between neurons and muscle cell
17
Which of the following statements best describes the
relationship of the kidneys and the liver to the
circulatory system?
A.
The kidneys and the liver pump blood.
B.
The kidneys and the liver produce blood cells.
C.
The kidneys and the liver remove wastes from
blood.
D.
The kidneys and the liver make blood-clotting
proteins.
18
Which of the following statements applies to all forms of
sexual reproduction?
A.
All offspring from a mating look exactly the same.
B.
Offspring receive genetic material from two
gametes.
C.
Offspring completely develop inside the mother’s
body before birth.
D.
All offspring are born with their organs and senses
fully developed.
19
The nose serves all the following functions except
A.
providing an airway.
B.
moistening inhaled air.
C.
filtering dust and particles from inhaled air.
D.
transferring oxygen from the air directly to
the bloodstream.
20
A person who is cold shivers to generate body
heat. Which of the following lists the primary body
systems that interact to maintain homeostasis in this
situation?
A.
nervous, excretory, and respiratory
B.
excretory, digestive, and respiratory
C.
digestive, muscular, and circulatory
D.
muscular, circulatory, and nervous
21
In which of the following ways does perspiring
help the body to maintain homeostasis?
A.
by decreasing body temperature
B.
by increasing blood sugar levels
C.
by increasing the amount of fluid in the
body
D.
by reducing the amount of carbon dioxide
in cells
22
Which of the following is a body system response
that adjusts body temperature when it is higher
than normal?
A.
Breathing rate begins to decrease.
B.
Blood vessels near the skin constrict.
C.
Sweat glands produce and secrete sweat.
D.
Hormones increase the metabolic rate of
the liver.
23
Heartburn is pain that occurs when acidic gastric
juice is forced out of the upper end of the
stomach. In which of the following organs does a
person experience heartburn?
A.
pancreas
B.
esophagus
C.
small intestine
D.
large intestine
24
The circulatory system is directly responsible for
which of the following?
A.
breaking down food and absorbing
nutrients
B.
transmitting nerve impulses to the brain
C.
transporting nutrients such as oxygen to cells
D.
controlling movement of muscles
25
Which of the following statements best explains why
oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood?
A.
The diaphragm draws oxygen into the alveoli
at a rapid speed.
B.
Alveoli cells contain hemoglobin to transfer
gases to the blood.
C.
The concentration of oxygen is greater in the
alveoli than in the blood.
D.
Red blood cells move one at a time through
the capillaries surrounding the alveoli.
26
What is the name of the connective tissue that
joins skeletal muscle to bones?
A.
cartilage
B.
ligaments
C.
neurons
D.
tendons
27
Which of the following statements best explains why
offspring produced by sexual reproduction often look
similar to, but not exactly the same as, their parents?
A.
The offspring have genetic material from both the
mother and the father.
B.
The cells of the offspring contain all the dominant
genes from the parents.
C.
The cells of the offspring undergo mitosis many
times as the offspring grow and develop.
D.
The offspring have a period of embryonic
development, rather than being born immediately after
fertilization.
28
Which of the following is a function of the liver?
A.
removing toxic compounds from the
blood
B.
secreting digestive enzymes into the
stomach
C.
producing white blood cells to fight
infections
D.
converting food into smaller nutrient
molecules
29
Nerve cells use which of the following to
communicate with each other?
A.
antibodies
B.
electrochemical signals
C.
enzymes
D.
simple sugars
30
Shelly and Jason are siblings, but Shelly looks like their
father while Jason looks like their mother. Which of the
following statements best explains the difference in
Shelly’s and Jason’s features?
A. Shelly inherited a greater number of chromosomes
from their father than Jason did.
B. Shelly inherited a smaller number of X
chromosomes from their mother than Jason did.
C. Shelly and Jason had different mutations occur in
the 46 chromosomes they inherited from their mother
and father.
D. Shelly and Jason inherited different combinations
of 23 chromosomes from their mother and 23
chromosomes from their father.
31
High levels of carbon dioxide in the blood trigger
which of the following responses in the body?
A.
an increase in the rate of digestion
B.
an increase in the rate of breathing
C.
a decrease in the speed of the pulse
D.
a decrease in the production of sweat
32
Emphysema is a severe respiratory system
disease. The disease causes damage that
directly prevents the transfer of oxygen to the
bloodstream.
Which part of the respiratory system does
emphysema damage?
A.
alveoli
B.
bronchi
C.
larynx
D.
trachea
33
Which of the following is a correct order in which
air moves through the human respiratory system
when a person inhales?
A. nose, larynx, trachea, pharynx, bronchi, lungs
B. nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
C. pharynx, bronchi, nose, larynx, trachea, lungs
D. pharynx, nose, trachea, bronchi, larynx, lungs
34
In sexual reproduction, what is the source of
the genetic material in a zygote?
A.
an egg cell only
B.
a sperm cell only
C.
an egg cell and a sperm cell
D.
an egg cell and a polar body
35
What is the primary function of the
large intestine?
A.
to digest proteins
B.
to absorb nutrients
C.
to break down complex carbohydrates
D.
to remove water from waste
36
Capillaries are part of which body system?
A.
skeletal system
B.
nervous system
C.
digestive system
D.
circulatory system
37
Which of the following is one of the functions of
the human skeleton?
A.
producing hormones
B.
bringing gases into the body
C.
removing waste from
the body
D.
providing a site for blood cell formation
38
Which of the following is the best example of an
organism maintaining homeostasis?
A.
a wolf panting after a chase
B.
a spider catching an insect in a web
C.
a cricket becoming infected by a virus
D.
a mole digging tunnels in the ground
39
Which of the following is the basic structural unit
of the nervous system?
A.
axon
B.
neuron
C.
red blood cell
D.
white blood cell