Knowledge management – a definition
“A conscious strategy of getting the right knowledge
to the right people at the right time and helping people
share and put information into action in ways that strive
to improve organisational performance”
O’Dell and Grayson
Knowledge management – an explanation
“Knowledge management means putting in place
and maintaining, policies, tools and venues that
foster the growth and dissemination of knowledge”
Source: Morey et al
Two types of knowledge
Tacit
We know some of what we know
Explicit
We know more than we can tell
Source: Polanyi
Two types of tacit knowledge
Cognitive
Mental models, beliefs, values, viewpoints
Technical
Concrete know how and skills
Source: Hsu and Shen
Three types of knowledge management capital
Human
all an organisation’s employee’s skills, know-how,
memories and such
Structural all patents, rules, copyrights, procedures and
documentation that belong to your organisation
Social
all the trust-based relationships that enable
knowledge sharing
Source: Morey et al
Four essentials of knowledge management
Capturing the most valuable information and knowledge
Validating to ensure relevance and accuracy
Accessing what is needed when it is needed
Scaling – managing ever increasing volumes
Source: Ruddy
Four factors in managing knowledge
Culture
Old Pros
Archives
Processes
Is there a will for all this?
Humans with invaluable tacit knowledge
Stored explicit knowledge
Ways to capture store and share knowledge
Source: Wellman
Four fundamentals of knowledge management
Knowledge
Knowledge
Knowledge
Knowledge
is abundant not scarce
works best through sharing not hoarding
resides in people – the most valuable resource
derives from learning and experience
Source: Waddock
Four stages in the knowledge management cycle
Knowledge creation
Knowledge adoption
Knowledge distribution
Knowledge review and revision
Source: Gonesh
Five core issues around knowledge management
Visibility
Manipulability
Detached involvement
Ambivalent manipulation
Accepted responsibility
Source: Thomas et al
Five essentials of knowledge management
Knowledge management does not move in a straight line
Knowledge grows organically
Knowledge growth is chaotic, messy and slow
Data is merely an aggregation of facts and observations
Knowledge is the ability to do something worthwhile with data
Source: Morey et al
Five stages in real knowledge management
Identification
Extraction
Storage
Distribution
Access
Source: Andrew Gibbons
Six outcomes of a knowledge audit
Identification of glut or lack of information and knowledge
Lack of awareness of information held elsewhere
Inability to keep abreast of relevant information
Significant wheel reinvention
Common use of out-of-date information
Not knowing sources of expertise
Source: Grossman
Six barriers to knowledge management
No time/low priority
Lack of awareness that knowledge sharing is part of their job
No sense of value
‘Knowledge is power’
Perception that knowledge sharing is hard
Absence of corporate, institutional support
Source: Frank Leistner
Seven components of wisdom
The wisdom of:
duality
resonance
ecology
aggregation
magnamanity
stratification
enlightenment
Nine classes of data for knowledge management
Five primary classes
Acquisition
Selection
Generation
Assimilation
Emission
Four secondary classes
Leadership
Co-ordination
Control
Measurement
Source: Jones
The key to knowledge management
“If only we knew what we know”
Jerry Junkins
“The most valuable asset of a 21st century
Institution, whatever business or non-business,
will be its knowledge workers and their productivity”
Peter Drucker