A+ Guide to Managing
and Maintaining Your PC
Fifth Edition
Chapter 10
Supporting I/O Devices
Installing Peripheral Devices
1. Install the hardware device (internal or
external)
2. Install the software: specially for the OS
•
Device driver
•
Application software
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Problems in Peripheral
Installations


More than one peripheral device might attempt
to use same resources
Update drivers, the firmware, or both
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Using Ports and Expansion
Slots


Ports

Serial

Parallel

USB

IEEE 1394

SCSI (discussed later)
Expansion slots
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Port Speeds
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Serial Ports
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Serial Ports

Transmit data serially (bit by bit)

9 or 25 male pins (interface standard: RS232c)

For input and output devices

mouse, modem

Controlled in CMOS setup

Configured to use system resources as COM1,
COM2, COM3, or COM4
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Serial Port Assignments
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RS-232

Two types of ports




DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) type: e.g. the port
on a computer
DCE (Data Communication Equipment) type: e.g.,
the port on the modem
The signal names and pin numbers are the
same, but signal flow is opposite
Signals are named from DTE’s perspective
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DTE - DCE
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Null Modem Connection (DTEDTE)
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Parallel Ports
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Parallel Ports

Transmit data in parallel (8 bits at a time)

Almost always female

Originally intended for printers

Can be configured as LPT1, LPT2, or LPT3

Port assignments are made in CMOS setup

Avoid using a cable longer than 15 feet to
ensure data integrity
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Types of Parallel Ports


Standard parallel port (SPP)

Allows data to flow in only one direction

Slowest of the three types
Enhanced Parallel Port (EPP)


Bi-directional
Extended Capabilities Port (ECP)

Bi-directional

Uses the DMA channel
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A Standard Parallel Port
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Hands-on Project: Verify Port
Configuration

pp. 414 and Figure 10-4
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USB Ports
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USB Ports

Can be added and removed without turning off the
computer (i.e., hot-swappable or hot-pluggable)

Can be used by mice, keyboards, printers, scanners,
modems……

Use serial transmission, but much faster than serial
ports

Use higher-quality cabling

Automatically resolve resource conflicts

Likely to replace serial and parallel ports
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Using USB Ports (continued)

Most current motherboards have one to four
USB ports

Managed by a USB host controller

As many as 127 USB devices can be daisychained together
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USB Host Controller
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Installing a USB Device

Using Device Manger, verify that USB
controller is installed and working properly

Some devices (eg, printers) require the device
to be plugged in before installation

Some devices (eg, scanners) require the driver
to be installed before the device is plugged in
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Hands-on Projects: Install a
USB Device

pp. 425 and Figure 10-12
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IEEE 1394 Ports (FireWire or
i.Link)





Transmit data serially (up to 3.2G); faster than
USB
Likely to replace SCSI for high-volume,
multimedia external devices (camcorders,
DVDs, and hard drives)
Is hot-pluggable
Can be daisy-chained
Managed by a host controller in the chip set
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IEEE 1394 Port Standards


IEEE 1394A

Supports data speeds up to 1.2 Gbps

Allows for cable lengths up to 15 feet
IEEE 1394B

Supports speeds up to 3.2 Gbps

Allows for cable length up to 328 feet
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IEEE 1394 Cable Connections
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Using IEEE 1394 Ports
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PCI Expansion Slots

PCI bus


Currently the standard I/O bus
PCI bus controller – a part of the chip set


Manages the PCI bus and expansion slots
Assigns IRQ and I/O addresses to PCI expansion
cards
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Hands-on Project: Check a PCI
Device

pp. 434 and Figure 10-20
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Keyboards

Traditional straight design or ergonomic
design

Two technologies for keys making contact

Foil contact
Key

Metal contact
Spring
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Metal plate
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Keyboard Connectors
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A Keyboard Adapter
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Keyboard Connectors

PS/2 connector (or mini-DIN)

Small, round, with six pins

USB port

Wireless connection


Requires a driver
DIN

Round with 5 pins
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Pointing Devices

Move a pointer on the screen and perform
tasks such as executing (clicking) a command
button
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Mouse Technologies


Wheel mouse
Optical mouse
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How a Wheel Mouse Works
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How Do Optical Mice Work?



Read light – illuminates the work surface
Camera – takes 1500 snapshots every second
Microchip – analyze how the mouse moves
and reports the coordinates to the computer
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How a Mouse Connects
to the Computer

PS/2

USB port

Cordless

Y-connection with the keyboard

Serial port (serial mouse)
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Other Pointing Devices

Touch screens

Trackballs

Touch pads
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Computer Video

Necessary components for video output

Monitors

Video cards
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Monitors

Rated by screen size, resolution, refresh rate,
and interlace features

Most meet standards for Super VGA

Use CRT (cathode-ray tube) or LCD (liquid
crystal display) technology
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Choosing the Right Monitor
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How a CRT Monitor Works
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Flat Panel Monitors
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Video Cards

Methods of data transfer

RGB video port

DVI port

Composite video

S-Video
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Methods of Data Transfer
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Video Card Main Features


Bus

AGP

PCI, VESA
Video RAM
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AGP Bus




Runs at the same speed as the system bus
Connects directly to the system bus
32-bit data path
Direct memory execute (DIME)


Share system memory with the CPU
No need to copy data from system memory to
video memory on the card
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AGP Variations




AGP 2X : transfer two cycles of data in a AGP
clock beat
AGP 4X
AGP 8X
AGP Pro: longer slot
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Graphics Accelerators

Type of video card that has its own processor

Reduce burden on CPU

MPEG decoding

3-D graphics

interpolated scaling

EPA Green PC support

Digital output to flat panel display monitors

High-intensity graphics software support (Auto-CAD)
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Video Memory

Stored on video cards as memory chips

Amount of data received from CPU is
determined by

Screen resolution

# of colors (color depth)

Enhancements to color information (alpha
blending)
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Video Memory Types

VRAM (video RAM)


Dual ported memory: can be accessed by both the
input and output processes at the same time
SGRAM (Synchronous graphics RAM)


synchronize itself with the CPU bus clock
Not dual-ported
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Video Memory Types

WRAM (windows RAM)




Dual-ported RAM
Faster and less expensive than VRAM
Used on high-end graphics cards with very high
resolutions and true color
3-D RAM

Designed to improve 3-D performance
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Trouble-shooting Video
Problems


Power light is yellow: no signals to the monitor
Video card problems



Monitor problems




The monitor display wrong characters
No graphics display or the screen goes blank when loading
certain programs
Monitor flickers, has wavy lines, or both
Poor color display
Picture out of focus or out of adjustment
Screen goes blank after the keyboard has been
untouched for some time
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Hands-on Project


Changing the video driver configuration
(Figure10-38)
Returning to Standard VGA Settings
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