OBJS
1.Discuss why the United States adopted the reservation policy.
2.Explain why war erupted between the Native Americans and the US
Government.
3.Discuss how the US Government attempted to Americanize the Native
Americans.
Who is this
man?
Copy HW
 Read and outline p. 436-443 and take notes on the
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following:
How did the Federal Government help to settle the newly
acquired territories?
Who were the migrants to the Plains and what was life like?
Questions
How did the Dawes Act change Native American culture?
What were the Jim Crow laws?
What were the Civil War amendments and what did each
do?
What was the case and decision in Plessy v. Ferguson
Intro
 What had the Indian Removal Act done?
Indian Country
 Indian Removal Act (1830) – had moved all NA s west
of the Mississippi River
 Treaty of Ft. Laramie (1851) –
 US had promised NA s control of the Plains
 Violated when news of “gold” spread
 New treaties signed
 Plains Indians forced to move to reservations
 Promised permanent reservation land, money, food and
yearly supplies
 Bureau of Indian Affairs created to oversee the above
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Worked with the US Gov.
Native American Resistance
 Plains Indians opposed to reservation system
without buffalo
 Fought US Gov. – 20K soldiers and NA enemies
 Buffalo Soldiers
 Sand Creek Massacre - CO
 1864
 200 Cheyenne and Arapaho were killed
 Result = Treaty of Medicine Lodge – 1867
NA Resistance con’t
 Sioux
 US gov forced to move – gold in the Black Hills
 Sitting Bull leads defiance
 1876 – vision of a great Sioux victory
 Battle of Rosebud – NA s gain confidence
 Camp set up w/2000 Sioux
 Custer sent to attack = outnumbered 3 to 1
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Killed along with all of his men
BATTLE OF LITTLE BIGHORN
 Wounded Knee
 Pauite holy man – Wovoka began the Ghost Dance
 Quote p. 429
 Outlawed by US Gov.
 Sitting Bull killed in a skirmish
 Dec. 15th 1890
 Dec. 29 – 300 Sioux killed / 30 US
military
 End of “Indian Wars”
 Nez Perces
 NE Oregon
 Forced to move to
Idaho
 Skirmish erupts
 Nez Perces on the run
to Canada chased by
US solders
 Surrendered
 432 – Chief Joseph
speech
SW
 Apache
 Geronimo opposed to the
reservations
 Attacks on settlements
 Surrendered Sept. 4, 1886
 Pauite
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Sarah Winnemuca
appealed to Pres. Hayes
to let them return to
their land
Hayes approved but BIA
opposed
Assimilation
 Fed. Gov. established
Indian Schools to
Americanize the NA s –
Ex. Carlisle School in
PA
 Dawes Allotment Act (1887) – division of NA lands to be
divided into 160 acre parcels – claimed by NAs
 Purpose – turn Plains Indians into farmers
 Disaster for NA s
 Navajo
 US gov tried to force
them to farm on
unfertile land
 Moved to diff.
reservation and
thrived
 Silver mining
 Sheep herding
 Weaving
closure
 By 1890 – NA pop was only 250K