Cell parts and Function
Two type of cells
1.
Prokaryotic Cells: “without a nucleus”
single-celled organisms Ex: bacteria
No internal membrane-bound structures
Have cell membrane and cytoplasm
2.
Eukaryotic Cells: “true nucleus”
Found in all living things EXCEPT bacteria
Many internal membrane-bound structures called organelles
Organelle= “little organ” Found only inside eukaryotic cells
1.
Cell Membrane:
Boundary of the cell. Semi-permeable: (some things can get in other
things cannot)
Made of a phospholipid bilayer (double fat layer) and protein.
2.
Nuclear membrane: boundary of the nucleus.
3.
Cytoplasm:
Fluid-like material within the cell
Contains the organelles
Biochemical processes occur in the cytoplasm
4.
Nucleus:
Control center of the cell
Contains DNA
Surrounded by a double membrane
Contains nucleolus
5.
Nucleolus: produces ribosomes
6.
Ribosomes:
 Site of protein synthesis
 Attached to rough ER or floating
free in cytoplasm
7.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum:
Connected to nuclear membrane
Highway of the cell
Moves materials around the cell
Rough ER: with ribosomes
Smooth ER: no ribosomes
8.
Mitochondria:
 Powerhouse of the cell”
 Cellular respiration occurs here: the
release of energy for the cell
 Bound by a double membrane
 Has its own DNA
9.
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Golgi Apparatus:
Looks like a stack of plates
packages proteins
Move substances out of a cell or to
other parts of a cell by means of
vesicles
10. Vacuoles:
 Large central vacuole in plant cells
 Many smaller vacuoles in animal cells
 Storage container for water and food.
11. Centrioles: (Animal cells only)
 Aids in cell division
 Made of microtubules
12. Lysosomes: (Animals cells only)
 Contain digestive enzymes that break down wastes and food
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Cell Wall: (plant cells and bacteria)
Rigid, protective barrier that supports the cell.
Located outside of the cell membrane
Made of cellulose (fiber)
14. Chloroplast: (Plants cells only)
 Contains the green pigment
chlorophyll
 Site of food (glucose) production
 Bound by a double membrane