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1. You are effected with a mutation that distorts your body’s ability
to produce villi. Explain the effect of this mutation on your digestive
system.
2. The molar concentration of a sugar solution in an open beaker
has been determine to be 0.3M. Calculate the solution potential at
27 degrees Celsius. Round your answer to the nearest tenths.
3. Distinguish between DNA and RNA with regard to chemical
composition, nucleotides included in each, location in the cell, and
function.
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1. You are effected with a mutation that distorts your body’s ability
to produce villi. Explain the effect of this mutation on your digestive
system.
If your villi is absent, your small intestine would be inefficient at
absorbing nutrients.
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2. The molar concentration of a sugar solution in an open beaker
has been determine to be 0.3M. Calculate the solution potential at
27 degrees Celsius. Round your answer to the nearest tenths.
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3. Distinguish between DNA and RNA with regard to chemical
composition, nucleotides included in each, location in the cell, and
function.
DNA
RNA
Double stranded
Single stranded
A,T,C, and G
A,U,C, and G
Deoxyribose sugar
Ribose sugar
Nucleus
Nucleus and cytoplasm
Genetic information
mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA
 Homeostatic
control systems in species of
microbes, plants, and animals support
common ancestry.
Page
101 Circulatory System
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Recap: Every organism must exchange material with its
environment
AQUEOUS
o Organisms exist in an _____________ environment
o What are we exchanging??? (hint: materials)
• CO2, O2, waste, and nutrients
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1. The interstitial fluid of vertebrates:
a. is the internal environment within cells
b. bathes cells and provides for the exchange of
nutrients and wastes
c. makes up the plasma of blood
d. surrounds unicellular and flat, thin animals
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For example:
o The gills of a salmon (structure relating to function)
o Capillaries lie close to the surface to allow for effective diffusion
• External structure
• Issue??
 Diffusion:
o The movement of molecules from high to low
concentration
• Passive transport
o Only works across small distances like across the cell
membrane
o For longer distances (across the body), diffusion is
ineffective
o The complex human body relies on structures (organs)
for transport
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Key Point #1: The circulatory system functionally connects
the aqueous environment of the body cells to the organs
that exchange gases, absorb nutrients and dispose of
wastes
o Remember respiratory system??
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Lack a “true” circulatory system
Gastrovascular cavity serves as digestive AND circulation
system
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To overcome the diffusion limitation, organisms consist of
either open or closed circulation systems.
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Key Point #2: Both open and closed systems share the
following characteristics: blood, blood vessels, and a heart.
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Key Point #3: Open Systemo Blood and Interstitial fluid is NOT separated
o Common in: insects, arthropods, and mollusks
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Key Point #4: Closed systemo Blood is confined to vessels and IS separated from the interstitial
fluid
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Heart pumps blood through vessels then materials are
exchange AT organs
o Common in: vertebrates, earthworms, squids, and octopuses
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OPEN
Decrease cost (energy) to
support body
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CLOSED
More effective at transport
in large and active
organisms
The need for O2 increases
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Key players:
o Heart: 2 atrium and 2 ventricles
o Blood vessels: arteries, veins, and capillaries
• Function of capillaries:
• EXCHANGE!
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Keeping it all straight:
o To heart or away from heart
o Arteries carry blood AWAY from heart
INs carry blood INTO heart
o Ve
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Slight differences in closed systems of different organisms
are evidence of natural selection
o Complex animals= complex systems
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Blood trace:
Ventricle->artery->capillaries (exchange)->body->capillaries>veins->atrium
Key Point #5: Fisho The double capillaries slow down the O2 delivery throughout the
body
o Single circulation- low pressure
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Blood trace:
Ventricle->lungs & skin capillaries->left atrium->body->right
atrium
Key Point #6: Amphibianso 3 chambered heart
o Double circulation- vigorous flow of blood
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Key Point #7: Mammalso 4 chambered heart
o Left side: O2 rich
o Right side: O2 poor
o Prevents mixing of oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood
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Endotherms require A LOT of energy! This means A LOT of
O2 delivery
The heart is an essential muscle to pump blood throughout
the blood
The blood carries the O2, CO2, and nutrients throughout
the body
*This is an example of convergent evolution*
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James, Joe, and Paul:
o Watch the following video on the circulatory system
o http://www.bozemanscience.com/circulatory-system
o Watch this video on a potential lab on the circulatory system. As you
watch the video, take notes on the lab and how you will be able to
use the information as a potential essay topic. Show me the notes
on the lab for your daily grade.
o http://www.bozemanscience.com/ap-bio-lab-10-physiology-of-thecirculatory-system
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Homework: read and outline page 869, 870,and 871
Tuesday HW: read and outline page 922 and 939 on
osmoregulation