Body in Action (a) Movement
SQA Questions
What you should know -skeleton
ramework for
• The skeleton provides a f_______
upport
uscle
s_______
and m_______
attachment
rotects
eart
• The skeleton p_______
the h____,
ungs
rain
pinal
l______,
b_____
and s_______
cord
• Bone is composed of the components
ibres
f______
(elastic) f______
and h____
lexible
ard
inerals
m________
iving
ells
• Bone is formed by l_______
c____
What you should know - joints
/ shoulder
• A b____
and s_____
________
all
ocket joint e.g.hip
ovement in 3_ planes
allows m_______
knee/elbow allows
• A h_____
joint e.g. _____
inge
movement in ___
1 plane
What you should know - muscles
endons
• Muscles are attached to b_____
ones by t_____
ontracts it s_______
ocket
• When a muscle c______
and
p___
ulls on a tendon attached to a bone at a
j_____
oint
nelastic
ll the
• Tendons are i________
so that a__
orce
ontraction
f_____of
a muscle c___________
is
ransferred
t__________
to the bone at a joint
wo muscles.
• At a joint there are always t___
ends the joint + second
One muscle b_____
traighten
muscle needed to s_________
the joint.
Synovial Joint
• A synovial joint is a
ubricated by
joint l_________
s________
fluid
ynovial
all and socket
• All b___
inge joints are
and h_____
synovial joints
houlder
• The h__,
ip s_______,
e______
lbow and k____
nee
are all synovial joints
p148
CREDIT
ligament
synovial membran
synovial fluid
cartilage
Name 1 – 4 in this ball and socket joint
ligament
synovial
membrane
synovial membrane
synovial fluid
cartilage
ligament
Structure of a Synovial Joint p148 CREDIT
support
holds the two bones together
1
2
3
secretes synovial fluid
cushions the joint and
reduces friction
lubricates the joint
by reducing friction
4
5
synovial fluid
ligament
synovial
3
1
4
5
membrane
femur
cartilage
head of femur
2
ligament
Synovial joint functions CREDIT
Part of synovial joint
bone
ligament
function
support
1
synovial
membrane
3
holds the two bones
2
together
secretes synovial fluid
capsule
surrounds the joint
cartilage
cushions 4
the joint and
reduces friction
synovial
5 fluid
lubricates the joint by
reducing friction
Cushions the joint / end of bones/ acts
like a shock absorber
Range of movement is less
in one plane/ two directions
Flexible fibres / hard minerals
brain
heart
spinal cord
lungs
movement
support
ligament
Hard minerals
skull
Rib cage
backbone
brain
heart and lungs
spinal cord
cartilage
Synovial fluid
Synovial membrane
ligament
Lubricates joint / Reduces friction
B
Synovial membrane
D
cartilage
ligament
C
D
E
B
A
Reduces friction
One muscle bends joint
+ second muscle needed to straighten joint
Tendons are inelastic / do not stretch
cartilage
synovial fluid
s
tendon