The Skeletal System
Chapter 15: Section 2, Skeletal System
Audience: 6th grade (11-12 yr olds)
Allison Carter, Bartley Collerd, Kara Hollins, Liz Long
Skeletal System
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Part 1: What is the skeletal system?
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Part 2: Proper bone care and fractures.
Part 1: What is the skeletal system?
Skeletal System
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Functions
Structure - 2 main parts:
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Axial & Appendicular
Basic Types - 4 kinds
Cartilage
Joints
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Ligaments & Tendons
Functions of the Skeletal System
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Provides a strong, steady frame for the
body’s muscle to move.
Supports and protects internal organs.
Structure of the Skeletal System
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Axial Skeleton- the 80 bones that make up
the skull, spine, ribs, or sternum
(breastbone).
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Functions include the vertebrae which protect
the spinal cord. Also, the ribs which connect
around to attach to the sternum and protects
the heart and lungs.
Examples of Axial Bones
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Pictures of ribs and sternum
Structure of the Skeletal System
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Appendicular skeleton- the 126 bones of
the shoulder, arms, hands, hips, legs, and
feet.
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Function allowing the body to perform a wide
range of motions.
Examples of Appendicular Bones
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X-Ray Pictures of the hip and hands bones
Pelvis (hip)
Carpals (wrist), metacarpals
(hand), phalanges (fingers)
Basic Types of Bones
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Long- found in the arms and legs. These
bones are very strong. For example, the
femur bone in the leg.
Short- Short bones are as broad as they
are long. For example, carpal bones in
the wrist.
Basic Types of Bones
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Flat- have a thin, flat shape. Flat bones
are generally used to protect the body’s
vital organs. For example, the ribs and
skull.
Irregular- any bone shape that does not
fall into the previous 3 categories. For
example, the vertebrae is a irregular bone.
Cartilage
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Cartilage- A strong, flexible connective
tissue.
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Different types of cartilage line the surface of
bones at joints allowing smooth movement.
Other functions include cushioning the
vertebrae and supporting the ear and nose.
Fat into Cartilage?
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Podcast: A Duke University Study
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Might be possible to turn fat to cartilage
Very beneficial, as cartilage can’t repair itself
Cartilage
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A baby’s skeletal system is mostly made
up of cartilage.
As the baby grows, the cartilage is
replaced with bone minerals and cells
through ossification.
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Ossification- the process by which bone is
formed, renewed, and repaired.
Joints
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Joint- the point at while 2 bones meet.
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Some joints provide a small range of motion
and are considered immovable (ex.-skull).
Most are mobile and provide a range of
movement.
Types of Mobile Joints
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There are 4 types:
 Ball and Socket- allows the widest range of
motion; forward, backwards, sideways,
circular. Examples- shoulder and hip.
Pivot Joint- allows rotation. Between the
skull and the first two vertebrae is an
example of a pivot joint.
Types of Joints
 Ellipsoidal
Joint- oval shaped part in a
curved space like the wrist. Allows all
movements except pivot.
 Hinge Joint- allows bending and
straightening. Examples include, fingers,
knee, and elbow.
Ligaments
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Ligaments-tough bands of fibrous, slightly
elastic tissue that binds the bone ends at
the joint.
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Also prevents excess movement of the joint.
Tendons
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Tendons- Fibrous cords that join muscle to
bone or to other muscles.
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Example of tendons that are visible to the eye
are when you use your fingers you see the
tendons moving on the back of your hand.
Part 2: Proper Bone Care and
Fractures
Part 2: Proper Bone Care and
Fractures
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Importance of bone function
Proper diet for good bone care
Physical Exercise
Fractures
Importance of Bone Function
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Bones act as a storage center for the
body’s essential minerals like calcium and
phosphorus.
Bones also produce blood cells. This takes
place in the red bone marrow.
Proper Diet for Good Bone Care
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Calcium is an essential mineral in order to
build up the strength of the bones.
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Food sources include milk, cheese, most dairy
products.
Race & Osteoporosis
Proper diet
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Phosphorus combines with calcium to give
bones their rigidity.
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Food sources include milk, peas, liver, cottage
cheese, broccoli, and whole grains.
Physical Exercise
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Regular activity is important for the health
of bones. Exercise promotes better blood
flow, increasing nourishment to the bones.
Physical Exercise
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Also important is weight bearing exercise
which increases the bone mass.
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Weight bearing activities include walking,
lifting weights, any exercise with direct weight
pressure to the ground.
Not included are swimming, biking, etc.
Fractures
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Any type of break in a bone.
Two main types:
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Simple (closed)- the bone does not stick out
of the skin.
Compound (open)-one or both ends of the
bone stick out or protrude through the skin.
Skeletal Jeopardy