Jacksonian
Democracy
10/14/14
Quiz (Friday)
1. Describe Andrew Jackson. (use at least 1 detail
mentioned in the videos from your textbook)
2. After Andrew Jackson was appointed president, he
used the spoils system.
What is the spoils system?
3. What does the phrase “Kitchen Cabinet” refer to?
4. What is another word for tariff?
Comes down to 1 issue:
Federal Government vs. State Government
Copy Notes:
1. Andrew Jackson was a war hero of 1812.
2. Democracy (the right to vote) was expanded.
3. Jackson used the spoils system; gave government jobs to his
financial supporters
4. Kitchen Cabinet: informal group of advisors that met in the
White House kitchen
5. Later his closing of the 2nd National Bank and buying on
credit, led to an economic depression that the next
president (Martin Van Buren) was blamed for.
Jackson slammed the door!
On 3 issues:
1. Second Bank of the United States:
-Jackson vetoed the legislation to renew the Bank’s
Charter and removed federal funds from the Bank
2. Indian Removal:
-Jackson pressured Congress to pass a law to move
Native Americans out of SE and into Indian
Territory (Oklahoma)
3. Nullification Crisis: (nullify = reject)
-Jackson threatened to send federal troops into S.
Carolina to enforce federal law
Notes Time
4. Indian Removal Act (1830): authorized the
removal of Native Americans who lived east of
the Mississippi River to lands in the West (now
Oklahoma)
Trail of Tears
• Trail of Tears: Cherokee’s 800 mile forced
march (about ¼ of the Indians died along the
way) p334
Questions to answer afterward:
• What was the purpose of the Indian
Removal?
What effect does this have on Native
Americans today?
INDIAN REMOVAL IN THE
UNITED STATES
1) As the population
grew, the colonists
pushed farther west
into the territories
occupied by the
American Indians.
2) Inevitably, this movement led to clashes over
land.
How did the Proclamation of 1763 attempt to solve this
problem? Was it successful?
3) This proclamation forbade settlement west of
the Appalachians in hopes of eliminating conflict
between the colonists and the natives living in
the Ohio River Valley.
4) By the time Andrew
Jackson became
President in 1829, the
native population east of
the Mississippi River
had dwindled to
125,000.
5) In contrast, the non-Indian population had risen to 13 million.
6) Jackson saw
Indian Removal as an
opportunity to provide
for the needs of the
white farmers and
businessmen. He
also claimed that
removal was also in
the best interest of
the Indians. Why?
7) Jackson to the Indians:
“Where you now are, you and my white
children are too near to each other to live in
harmony and peace. Your game is gone, and
many of your people will not work and till the
earth. . . The land beyond the Mississippi
belongs to the President and no one else,
and he will give it to you forever.”
8) Many members
of the “Five
Civilized Tribes”
(including the
Cherokee, Creeks,
Choctaws,
Chickasaws, and
Seminoles) wanted
to stay in their
lands east of the
Mississippi River.
9) How did the Five
Civilized Tribes try to avoid
removal?
(9)
1. Adopted farming life style
2. Began to receive formal
education
3. Had own written
language
4. Established their own
newspaper (Cherokee
and Phoenix)
5. Adopted white man’s
idea of black slavery &
established plantations
10) How did Georgia begin the
removal process of the Cherokee
and the other members of the Five
Civilized tribes within its border?
10) In an agreement with the federal government, the state of
Georgia gave up claims to large tracts of western land in
exchange for the federal government negotiating treaties for
Indian removal.
11) Throughout the late
1820s, legal conflict
over ownership of
Cherokee lands led the
issue to the halls of the
U.S. Supreme Court.
12) How do you think the
Supreme Court decided?
Why?
13) The
Supreme Court
and Chief
Justice John
Marshall ruled
the Cherokee
could keep their
lands because
of earlier federal
treaties.
14) Furthermore, the court ruled the treaty
was an agreement between two nations
and couldn’t be overruled by Georgia.
15) What do you think
President Jackson and the
Georgia did next?
15) Cherokee Sue For Land
• Cherokee sued the
government of Georgia
for taking their land
• Worcester vs. Georgia Supreme Court rules
Georgia’s actions are
illegal and that the
Cherokee can stay
16) “Chief Justice John Marshall has
made his decision. Now let him
enforce it.”
President Andrew Jackson
1)
What is the job of the Supreme Court?
2)
What is the job of the President?
3)
What should happen if a government official refuses to do his job?
17) Georgia ignored the court’s ruling. President
Jackson refused to enforce the ruling. He
remarked, “Well, John Marshall has made his
decision, now let him enforce it”.
18) As part of the
Indian Removal Act
of 1830, federal
agents misled tribal
leaders into signing
removal treaties
with the
government.
19) In 1838, the Georgia militia was ordered to
force the Cherokee out of Georgia.
1) 17,000 Cherokees were brutally rounded
up and marched to Indian territory in
Oklahoma.
2) “… When I past the last detachment of those
suffering exiles and thought that my native
countrymen had thus expelled them from their native
soil and their much loved homes, and that too in this
[harsh] season of the year in all their suffering, I
turned from the sight with feelings which language
cannot express and “wept like childhood then.”
3) “… I felt that I would not encounter the secret silent
prayer of one of these sufferers armed with the energy
that faith and hope would give it (if there is a God who
avenges the wrongs of the injured) for all the lands of
Georgia!”
Adopted from “A Native of Maine, traveling in the Western Country” in New York Observer, Jan. 26, 1839 as
found in
Indian Removal: The Emigration of the Five Civilized Tribes of Indians by Grant Foreman (Norman:
University of Oklahoma
Press, 1972).
4) As many as 4,000 died along the “Trail of Tears”.
5) “I fought through the Civil War and have seen men
shot to pieces and slaughtered by the thousands, but
the Cherokee removal was the cruelest work I ever
knew.”
Georgia Soldier involved in removal process
THE END
PART I
Davy Crockett:
6) “There is a difference between fighting,
between defending oneself, and going into
someone’s home and stealing all their stuff
and shooting them in the back.”
7) Why was the Trail of Tears wrong?
(Amy Sturgis, Historian)
1) Morally Wrong
-loss of life
-arguments used to justify it were based on lies
-stolen land from the minority and defenseless
3) Legally Wrong
-Supreme Court said “NO”
4) Based on a treaty that was forced, not agreed
upon
8) Impact Today:
• Lost Cultures (never returned to their homeland;
language/traditions forgotten, except for a few
tribes like Cherokee)
• Native American Reservations:
-impoverished areas
-high alcohol/drug dependency
-receive money from gov’t and run Casinos
-bad land for growing crops
-communal land: so no one takes care of it
http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/aSGuest15875-169616indian-removal-jennifer-morgan-entertainment-ppt-powerpoint/
http://www.history.com/topics/trail-of-tears
Trail of Tears Extension:
http://www.firstpeople.us/native-american-poems/and-the-heavens-cried-trail-oftears.html