Demographics
CGC1D
April 3, 2014
How Many People?
Link: World Population Clock
Population
Video…
The Study of Populations
• Demographics is the study of populations.
It helps answer questions such as
– Why are more schools closing than opening?
– Why will you likely have to work more years than your
parents before retiring?
– Why are old rock-and-roll groups, such as the Rolling
Stones, still so popular?
Demographers use rates…
(*stats from 2003)
Population: 32 million
Births per day in Canada: 906
Births per day in Russia: 3 836
Population: 143 million
Which country is growing fastest due to births?
In order to compare the births in each country, we use the Birth Rate:
Birth Rate
=
# of births per year x 1000
Total Population
Canada:
330 690 x 1000
32 000 000
= 10 births/ 1000 people
Russia:
1 400 140 x 1000
143 000 000
= 10 births / 1000 people
How do Populations Change?
4 ways…
Naturally: 1) Births and 2)Deaths
Migration: 3) Immigration and 4)Emigration
How do populations change?
Natural Change (Births and Deaths)
Birth Rate (# of births per year / population) x 1000
Death Rate (# of deaths per year / population) x 1000
Balance between Births and Deaths is “Natural Increase
Rate”
Natural Increase Rate = Birth Rate – Death Rate
MIGRATION (Immigration and Emigration)
Immigration Rate (# of immigrants per year/population) x
1000
Emigration Rate (# of emigrants per year/population) x 1000
Balance between Immigration and Emigration is “Migration
Rate”
Population Growth Rate
The overall growth of a population can be
determined by adding the natural increase rate
and the net migration rate.
e.g. Canadian Example
3/1000 + 5/1000 = 8/1000
(0.8%)
The Study of Populations
• The best way to compare
populations of different
countries is through
population pyramids.
• It is a “paired horizontal bar
graph” with females on the
right…
The Study of Populations
…and males on the left.
• Both sides show the
percentages of people in
each age group.
The Study of Populations
• Putting the two sides together can allow you to
easily compare a country’s population for different
years (or to compare different countries).
The Study of Populations
• The dependency load is the part of the
population that needs to be supported. It is made
up of two components: the 0–14 age group and
the 65+ age group.
The Study of Populations
• What has happened to the dependency load
between 1956 and 2004?
• What is the significance of this change?
The Study of Populations
Births
• A specific pattern of population growth has
occurred in many developed nations during the
past 60 years.
• What does a “typical” person look like?
Baby Boom
Baby Echo
Generation Y
Generation X
1945
1965
1985
2005
2025
Population Density
Population Density is a measure of the number
of members of a population in a given area. It is
usually measured in km2.
PD = # of people/area
e.g.
Country/Landmass
Density (people/km2)
World
41
Sioux Lookout
13.3
Canada
3.4
Toronto
3 972
Population Density
Population Density
Interactive world map
HONG KONG
Population Density: 6 480 people/ sq. km.
(Sioux Lookout: 13.3 people/ sq. km!)
Canadian average: 4 people/ sq. km.
What
accounts for
the change
around
1800?
?
Historical Trends of Populations
Historical Trends of Populations
• Canadian Immigration Patterns
Historical Trends of Populations
• Immigration to Canada has had periods of boom and
bust. These were caused by events that occurred
both in Canada and in other countries.
When?
1840s
19051914
What Happened?
Why?
Irish potato crop fails; facing
Arrival of thousands of Irish starvation, many Irish move
settlers
to Canada and other
countries
Massive immigration from
Eastern Europe to the
Canadian West
Canadian Government
wanted to settle the Prairies;
offered free land and other
incentives to immigrants
Historical Trends of Populations
When?
What Happened?
Why?
19151919
Little immigration
World War I and worldwide
influenza epidemic
1930 –
1945
Little immigration
Worldwide economic
depression and World War II
Many Italians come to
Canada
World War II devastated
Italy; Italians searched for
economic opportunities in
Canada
19471960
Historical Trends of Populations
When?
1956
What Happened?
Why?
Many Hungarians come to
Canada
Hungarian revolt against the
Russians failed; refugees
fled to Canada to avoid
punishment
1980 – Arrival of thousands of Hong
1997
Kong Chinese
1980 2003
Many people from
Afghanistan come to
Canada
Residents of Hong Kong
sought political stability
before China took control
of Hong Kong in 1997
Immigrants seek a safe
haven from conflicts that
engulfed their country
Historical Trends of Populations
• The percentage, by location, of the population that
is made up of immigrants.
YT
NT
Historical Trends of Populations
• What factors cause people to leave the country in
which they live and move to another country?
(PUSH FACTORS)
Historical Trends of Populations
• What factors attract people to move to another
country, such as Canada?
(PULL FACTORS)