IA203
Week 5
Paraphrasing
Today’s materials are adapted from Stephen Bailey
(2007), Academic Writing : A Handbook for International
Students - Second Edition, Routledge
Ancient Egypt collapsed in about 2180 BC.
Studies conducted of the mud from the River Nile
showed that at this time the mountainous regions
which feed the Nile suffered from a prolonged
drought. This would have had a devastating effect
on the ability of Egyptian society to feed itself.
Can you summarise this in around 20 words?
Studies show that a drought in the mountainous
regions feeding the Nile led to the collapse of
Ancient Egypt in about 2180 BC.
Ancient Egypt collapsed in about 2180 BC. Studies conducted of the
mud from the River Nile showed that at this time the mountainous
regions which feed the Nile suffered from a prolonged drought. This
would have had a devastating effect on the ability of Egyptian society to
feed itself.
Which of these paraphrases is better?
A.The sudden ending of Egyptian civilization over 4000 years ago was
probably caused by changes in the weather in the region to the south.
Without the regular river flooding there would not have been enough
food.
A.Research into deposits of the Egyptian Nile indicate that a long dry
period in the mountains at the river’s source may have led to a lack of
water for irrigation around 2180 BC, which was when the collapse of
Egyptian society began.
Ancient Egypt collapsed in about 2180 BC. Studies conducted of the
mud from the River Nile showed that at this time the mountainous
regions which feed the Nile suffered from a prolonged drought. This
would have had a devastating effect on the ability of Egyptian society to
feed itself.
Which of these paraphrases is better?
A.The sudden ending of Egyptian civilization over 4000 years ago was
probably caused by changes in the weather in the region to the south.
Without the regular river flooding there would not have been enough
food.
A.Research into deposits of the Egyptian Nile indicate that a long
dry period in the mountains at the river’s source may have led to
a lack of water for irrigation around 2180 BC, which was when
the collapse of Egyptian society began.
Can you find the underlined information from our source text in the
paraphrased paragraph?
Ancient Egypt collapsed in about 2180 BC. Studies conducted of the
mud from the River Nile showed that at this time the mountainous
regions which feed the Nile suffered from a prolonged drought. This
would have had a devastating effect on the ability of Egyptian society to
feed itself.
Research into deposits of the Egyptian Nile indicate that a long dry
period in the mountains at the river’s source may have led to a lack of
water for irrigation around 2180 BC, which was when the collapse of
Egyptian society began.
Can you find the underlined information from our source text in the
paraphrased paragraph?
Ancient Egypt collapsed in about 2180 BC. Studies conducted of the
mud from the River Nile showed that at this time the mountainous
regions which feed the Nile suffered from a prolonged drought. This
would have had a devastating effect on the ability of Egyptian society to
feed itself.
Research into deposits of the Egyptian Nile indicate that a long dry
period in the mountains at the river’s source may have led to a lack of
water for irrigation around 2180 BC, which was when the collapse of
Egyptian society began.
USING VOCABULARY TO
PARAPHRASE
The growth of the car industry parallels the development of modern capitalism. It
began in France and Germany, but took off in the United States. There Henry Ford
adapted the moving production line from the Chicago meat industry to motor
manufacturing, thus inventing mass production.
The rise of the 1.____________ industry 2. ____________ the 3. ____________ of
4. ____________ capitalism. It 5. ____________ in France and Germany, but 6.
____________ in the United States. There Henry Ford 7. ____________ the moving
8. ____________ line from the Chicago meat industry to 9. ____________
manufacturing, 10. ____________ inventing mass production.
CONTEMPORARY
PROGRESS
MODIFIED
STARTED
ACCELERATED
ASSEMBLY
CAR
THEREBY
AUTOMOBILE
MATCHES
KEY
The growth of the car industry parallels the development of modern
capitalism. It began in France and Germany, but took off in the United
States. There Henry Ford adapted the moving production line from the
Chicago meat industry to motor manufacturing, thus inventing mass
production.
The rise of the AUTOMOBILE industry MATCHES the PROGRESS of
CONTEMPORARY capitalism. It STARTED in France and Germany, but
ACCELERATED in the United States. There Henry Ford MODIFIED the
moving ASSEMBLY line from the Chicago meat industry to CAR
manufacturing, THEREBY inventing mass production.
USING WORD FORM
In the 1920s Alfred Sloan’s management theories helped General Motors to
become the world’s dominant car company. After the Second World War the
industry developed “planned obsolescence”, whereby frequent model changes
encouraged customers to buy new cars more often than they needed to. Later,
from the 1970s, environmentalists began to criticize the industry for producing
inefficient models which used too much fuel, contributing to global warming.
In the 1920s, with 1.___________ from the 2. ___________ theories of Alfred
Sloan, General Motors 3. ___________ the world’s car companies. After the
Second World War, the 4. ___________ of “planned obsolescence” by the
industry encouraged customers to buy new cars more often than they needed
to by increasing the 5. ___________ of model changes. Later, from the 1970s,
environmental 6.___________ of the industry focused on the 7. ___________
of inefficient models which used too much fuel, contributing to global warming.
In the 1920s Alfred Sloan’s management theories helped General Motors to
become the world’s dominant car company. After the Second World War the
industry developed “planned obsolescence”, whereby frequent model changes
encouraged customers to buy new cars more often than they needed to. Later,
from the 1970s, environmentalists began to criticize the industry for producing
inefficient models which used too much fuel, contributing to global warming.
KEY
In the 1920s, with help from the managerial theories of Alfred Sloan, General
Motors dominated the world’s car companies. After the Second World War, the
development of “planned obsolescence” by the industry encouraged customers
to buy new cars more often than they needed to by increasing the frequency of
model changes. Later, from the 1970s, environmental criticism of the industry
focused on the production of inefficient models which used too much fuel,
contributing to global warming.
USING WORD ORDER
At this time, trade unions became increasingly militant in
defence of their members’ jobs. Today the industry owns
some of the strongest brands in the world. However, many
major car companies struggle with stagnant markets and
falling profits.
At this time 1._____________ militant trade unions 2.
_____________ their members’ jobs. Some of the strongest
brands in the world 3._____________ are owned by the
industry. Many major car companies,4. _____________,
struggle with falling profits and stagnant markets.
At this time, trade unions became increasingly militant in
defence of their members’ jobs. Today the industry owns
some of the strongest brands in the world. However, many
major car companies struggle with stagnant markets and
falling profits.
KEY
At this time increasingly militant trade unions defended their
members’ jobs. Some of the strongest brands in the world
today are owned by the industry. Many major car companies,
however, struggle with falling profits and stagnant markets.