Cell types,
structures and
functions
Good morning!
 Get
your journals out
 On
the next page of your journal title it
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
 On
the next line write:
EQ:
How are prokaryotes and
eukaryotes a like and different?
 Make
sure that you put prokaryote and
eukaryote in your table of contents!
Cells exploration guide

With your group look at the 3 pictures of cells

Use the pictures to fill in the chart

Write YES if it is there

Write NO if it is not there

Highlight all of the boxes that say YES – this will help later

Answer the questions on the back

Tape/glue this on the left side of the page
Abiotic vs Biotic
Bio
= life
Biotic = living organisms
Examples:
Abiotic = not living
Examples:
What are the Characteristics of
Life?
Life
Biotic or Abiotic?
Biotic or Abiotic?
Biotic or Abiotic?
Biotic or Abiotic?
How do we define life?
 Cell
Theory
All living organisms are composed
of cells
Cells are the smallest structures that
perform the functions of life
All cells come from preexisting cells
What do all cells have in common?

All cells have common structures
 Cell
membrane
 Ribosomes
 Cytoplasm

Cells contain DNA

Cells are the basic unit of life
Make a three column chart
Two Cell Types
Prokaryotic

Pro = before
Eukaryotic

Kary = nucleus

Eu = true

A cell type before the
evolution of a nucleus

Kary = nucleus

Cell with a true nucleus

Example = animal

Example = bacteria
Cell History
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
 Ancient cells
 Modern cells
 Evolved 3.5 bya
 Evolved 1.4 bya
Stromatolites, ancient bacterial formations
Cell Size
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
 Smaller
 Larger
1
cells
to 10 µm
 10
cells
to 100 µm
Cell Size Comparison
Cell Organization
Prokaryotic

Simple cells with all
parts in “one room”
Eukaryotic

Complex cells with
many compartments
Location of DNA
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
 DNA
 DNA
is loose in the
cytoplasm (no
nucleus)
is protected in
the nucleus
Presence of Organelles
Prokaryotic
 Ribosomes only
Eukaryotic
 Many, membrane
– bound
organelles
Type of Organisms
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
 Bacteria
 Plants
only!
 Animals
 Fungi
 Protists
Size of Organisms
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic

Always unicellular
(single cell)

Mostly multicellular
(more than one cell)

Bacteria are cell size

Range from cell size to
the size of a giant tree
What are Viruses?

Viruses are not considered living because:
 They
are not made up of cells
 They
need a host to reproduce

Viruses are much smaller than cells

Viruses and cells both contain DNA
Gallery Walk
 In
your notebook write down if the cell is
prokaryotic or eukaryotic
A
B
C
D
Prokaryote or Eukaryote?

It’s time to play is it a Prokaryote, Eukaryote or both!
Card sort

Work in partners and match which cards are prokaryotes and which
ones are eukaryotes
Venn Diagram
Use or cell
exploration guide
and your notes
and make a Venn
Diagram in your
journal
Use one whole
page
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
What are organelles?
An organelle is a “mini
organ” inside a
eukaryotic cell that
carries out a specific
function
Make a T chart
One side says organelle
One side says Function
Organelle
Function
Cell Membrane

Lipid bilayer that surrounds the cell

Embedded proteins control what materials enter
and leave the cell
Cytoplasm
 Jelly
– like fluid inside the cell membrane
 Supports
and holds all the organelles
Ribosomes
 Where
proteins are assembled
 Translate genes into proteins
Cell Wall

Support, strength, and protection

Found outside plasma membrane

In prokaryotes and plant cells

Made out of cellulose
Bacteria Cell Wall
Plant Cell Wall 
Flagella/Cilia
 Extensions
of the plasma membrane that
allow for movement
Nucleus
 Membrane
bound area where
chromosomes are found
 Holds
the DNA, or genetic information
Nucleolus
 Dense
region found in the nucleus where
ribosomal RNA is made
Mitochondria

Produce ATP (energy) for the cell during cellular
respiration

C6H12O6 + 6O2

Composed of inner and outer membrane

Powerhouse of the cell
6H2O + 6CO2 + ATP
Chloroplasts
 Contains
 Site
chlorophyll
of photosynthesis reactions
sunlight
 6H2O
+ 6CO2
 Plant
cells only
C6H12O6 + 6O2
Endoplasmic Reticulum

Membranous stacks with rough and smooth
sections

Participates in making (synthesizing) proteins
and membranes
Golgi Apparatus
 Modifies
and
packages proteins
for secretion by
budding of vesicles
Lysosomes
 Contains
enzymes that break down cell
wastes and foods
 Recycle
old cell parts
Lysosomes contain
digestive enzymes 
Vacuole
 Stores
water and pigments in plant cells
Centrioles
 Used
to organize chromosomes during cell
division using spindle fibers