Animal Diversity Lab III
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Porifera—sponges
Cnideria—Jellies, corals, anenomes, etc.
Platyhelminthes—flat worms
Nematoda—round worms
Mollusca—molluscs
Annelida—segmented worms
Arthropoda—crustaceans, insects, spiders, etc.
Echinodermata—sea stars
Chordata
Sponges
Cnidarians
Flatworms
Annelid
worms
Mollusks
Roundworms
Arthropods
Echinoderms,
Chordates
segmentation
pseudocoelom
no coelom
coelom, no molting
Jellies,
coral, and sea
anemones
coelom
animals that
molt
protostome
Animals
deuterostome
animals
animals with radial symmetry
animals with bilateral
symmetry
animals with true tissues
Protist ancestor of animals
Animal Diversity Lab II:
ongoing trends
asymmetry
Radial symmetry
Bilateral w/
cephalization
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Porifera
Cnideria
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
Mollusca
Annelida
Arthropoda
Echinodermata
Chordata
One gut opening
two gut openings
same form of
embryonic
development
Embryonic Development
Protostome
Deuterostomes
• porifera-arthropoda
• spiral cleavage (division)
• mouth develops first
• echinoderms & chordates
• radial cleavage (division)
• anus develops first
spiral cleavage
radial cleavage
this develops into the mouth in protostomes and the anus
in dueterostomes
Embryonic Development of Deuterostome (real photos)
Echinodermata
Echinodermata
• Body Plan
– bilatteral larvae
– “radial” adults
– endoskeleton called a test
• Motile
– yes
– move with tube feet (or hold in place)
• Organ Systems
– water vascular system for movement and internal transport
– sea stars feed by everting stomachs
– sea stars capable of regeneration
• Reproduction:
– External fertilization
Cordata:
simple chordates
Amphioxus (Lancelet)
Tunicate (Sea Squirt)
Filter Feeders
Chordate Features/Characteristics:
all chordates have these features at some point in
development
• dorsal hollow nerve cord
• notochord
Pharyngeal slits
• pharyngeal slits/pouches
• post-anal tail
Chordata Groups
• urochordata (sea squirts)
• cephalachordata (lancelets)
• verbrata: things with backbones/vertebrae
– agnatha—jawless fish
– chondrichthyes—cartilagenous fish
– osteoitchyes—bony fish
– amphibia—amphibians
– reptilia—reptiles
– aves—birds
– mammalia--mammals
Trend of
increasing
adaptation for
life on land
Agnatha (jawless fish):
lamprey & hag fish
• jawless/no jaws
• no paired fins
• endoskeleton of cartilage
• Breath with gills
Chondrichthyes (cartilagenous fish):
Sharks, rays, skates
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endoskeleton of cartilage
paired fins
has a jaw
breath with gills water exits through spiracles
oviparous and ovoviviparous (know what these terms mean)
internal fertilization. Males have claspers
Osteichthyes: bony fish
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endoskeleton of bone
paired fins
gills covered by operculum
control buoyancy with swim bladder
Fins are more mobile then cartilagenous fish
external fertilization, large number of eggs helps ensure enough
offspring survive
Amphibia (amphibians):
frogs, toads, salamanders, newts
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Tetrapod: 4 limbs
must lay eggs in water
aquatic young  metamorphosis  terrestrial adult
Adults with lungs
also breath through skin (but needs to be wet)
“semi” adapted to land
external fertilization
Reptilia (reptiles):
turtles, tortoises, snakes, lizards, etc.
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tetrapods: 4 legs
scales/ “waterproof” skin
breath with lungs
Amniotic egg that allows eggs to be laid on land
fully adapted to life on land
Aves: birds
• Tetrapods: 4 limbs
– 2 legs, 2 wings
• amniotic egg
• Feathers
– other adaptations for flight?
– List 3 functions of feathers
• Endothermic
– large lungs
– 4 chambered heart
Internal Fertilization
Mammalia: mammals
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Tetrapods
mammary glands— DEFINING CHARACTERISTIC
specialized/different types of teeth
different diets=different combinations of teeth
Internal fertilization
endothermic
– hair (or blubber)
– large lungs
– 4 chambered heart
Mammals: 3 subcategories
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Monotremes
– egg laying
Marsupial
– give birth to poorly developed young that complete development in pouch
Placentals
– give birth to fully developed young
Pay Attention to:
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Body plan
Organ system development
Movement
Feeding
Reproduction
Aquatic or terrestrial
Endothermic or Ectothermic
Adaptations for life on land (if any)
What characteristics are common/shared by all members
of a group
• What characteristics make groups different
• For exam be able to identify phyla and classes (subgroups).