PowerPoint Presentation to accompany
Looking Out, Looking In, Tenth Edition
Chapter 6: Nonverbal Communication:
Messages Without Words
Presentation prepared by
Dr. Michael Pearson, Gretchen Gill, and Tim Scanlon
of West Chester University
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CHAPTER 6
Nonverbal
Communication:
Messages Without
Words
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Nonverbal Communication:
Messages Without Words
• Characteristics of Nonverbal
Communication
• Differences Between Verbal and
Nonverbal Communication
• Types of Nonverbal Communication
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Characteristics of Nonverbal
Communication
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Nonverbal communication exists
All nonverbal behavior has communicative value
Much nonverbal communication is culture-bound
Male and female nonverbal communications differ in
some ways
• Nonverbal communication is primarily relational
• Nonverbal communication serves many
functions
• Nonverbal communication is ambiguous
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Characteristics of Nonverbal
Communication
Nonverbal communication serves
many functions
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Repeating
Substituting
Complementing
Accenting
Regulating
Contradicting
Deceiving
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Differences Between Verbal and
Nonverbal Communication
• Single vs. Multiple Channels
• Intermittent vs. Continuous
• Clear vs. Ambiguous
• Verbal vs. Nonverbal Impact
• Deliberate vs. Unconscious
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Types of Nonverbal
Communication
Kinesics
• A area of nonverbal communication that involves body
position and motion.
Body Orientation
• Type of nonverbal communication characterized by the
degree to which we face toward or away from someone
Posture
• The way in which individuals carry
themselves (e.g. erect, slumping, and so on)
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Types of Nonverbal
Communication
Gestures
• Motions of the body, usually hands or arms, that have
communicative value
• Illustrators – movements that accompany speech and
that can’t stand alone
• Emblems – deliberate nonverbal behaviors that stand
alone and have a very precise meaning
• Adaptors - movements in which one part of the body
grooms, massages, rubs, holds, or otherwise
manipulates the body
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Types of Nonverbal
Communication
Face and Eyes
• Ekman & Friesen identify six basic emotions of facial
expression: surprise, fear, anger, disgust, sadness and
happiness
• Microexpression- brief facial expressions
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Types of Nonverbal
Communication
Voice
• Paralanguage – nonverbal vocal messages that have
communicative value: emphasis, rate, pitch, volume
tone, disfluencies
Touch
• Touch can communicate many
messages and signal a variety of
relationships
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Types of Nonverbal
Communication
Physical Attractiveness
• Perceived physical attractiveness affects interaction
between people
Clothing
• Clothing conveys 10 types of messages to others
Economic level
Economic background
Educational level
Social background
Trustworthiness
Educational background
Social position
Level of success
Level of sophistication
Moral character
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Types of Nonverbal
Communication
Proxemics - the way people and animals use space
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Intimate Distance - ranging from skin contact to 18 in.
Personal Distance - ranges from 18 in. to 4 ft.
Social Distance - ranges from 4 to 12 ft.
Public Distance - running outward from 12 ft.
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Types of Nonverbal
Communication
Territoriality
Territory - a stationary area claimed by an individual
(e.g. your room, desk, or work area)
Physical Environment
• Home designs and interiors can
communicate impressions
• Environments can shape the
interaction that takes place in them
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Types of Nonverbal
Communication
Time
Chronemics - the study of how humans use
and structure time
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