Bones Review
What are the functions of bones?
Support – form the framework that supports the body and
cradles soft organs
Protection – provide a protective case for the brain, spinal
cord, and vital organs
Movement – provide levers for muscles
Mineral storage – reservoir for minerals, especially calcium
and phosphorus
Blood cell formation – hematopoiesis occurs within the
marrow cavities of bones
What is the purpose of bone
markings?
Sites of attachment for muscles,
ligaments, and tendons
Joint surfaces
Conduits for blood vessels and nerves
What are the axial and appendicular
skeleton?
• Axial consists of the skull, vertebral column
and the girdles attached to (pectoral and
pelvic) them
What do the cranium bones provide?
• protects the brain and is the site of
attachment for head and neck muscles
What do the facial bones provide?
– Supply the framework of the face, the sense organs, and the teeth
– Provide openings for the passage of air and food
– Anchor the facial muscles of expression
What is the purpose of the hyoid
bone?
• Attachment of the tongue
Name two parts of the vertebral
curvature that is convex.
• Thoracic and pelvic
Name two parts of the vertebral
curvature that is concave.
• Cervical and lumbar
Which part of the vertebrae has five
fused bones?
• The sacrum
The over curvature of the thoracic
vertebrae is called ______.
• Kyphosis or hunchback
The over curvature of the lumbar
vertebrae is called _________.
• Lordosis or swayback
The pads between vertebrae that take
most of the impact of the body.
• Intervertebral Discs
Make up the vertebral canal through
which the spinal cord passes
• Vertebral foramina
The first vertebrae is called the
_________.
• atlas
The atlas pivots with the ______.
• axis
The sacrum used to be _______
individual vertebrae.
• 5
The last two pair of ribs that aren’t
attached are called ______.
• Floating ribs
What three bones forms the pectoral
girdle?
• Humerus, clavicle and scapula
Which bone is considered one of the
weakest of the body?
• clavicle
The head of the femur articulates with
the __________.
• acetabulum
The anterior articulation of the coxal
bones forms the ____.
• Symphysis pubis
Occur between the bones of the skull
• sutures
Examples include the connection
between the tibia and fibula, and the
radius and ulna
• Fibrous Structural Joints: Syndesmoses
The peg-in-socket fibrous joint
between a tooth and its alveolar
socket
• gomphoses
Examples Include:
– Epiphyseal plates of children
– Joint between the costal cartilage of the first rib and the sternum
• synchondroses
• Examples include intervertebral joints and the
pubic symphysis of the pelvis
• symphysis
Examples – all limb joints, and most
joints of the body
• Synovial joints
flattened, fibrous sacs lined with
synovial membranes and containing
synovial fluid
• bursae
Examples: elbow and interphalangeal joints
• Hinge joints
Examples are the knuckles
• Condyloidal joints
Give an example of a saddle joint.
• thumb
Give examples of ball and socket
joints.
• The hip and shoulder
Give examples of gliding joints
• The carpals and tarsals
Give examples of the pivot joint
• The atlas and axis
• The hip
What holds muscle to bone?
• tendons
What holds bone to bone?
• ligaments
Tubular shaft that forms the axis of long bones
• diaphysis
Expanded ends of long bones
• epiphysis
double-layered protective membrane
of bone
• periosteum
• weight-bearing, column-like matrix tubes
composed mainly of collagen
• lamella
• central channel containing blood vessels and
nerves
• Haversian Canals
• channels lying at right angles to the central
canal, connecting blood and nerve supply of
the periosteum to that of the Haversian canal
• Volkman’s Canals
• small cavities in bone that contain osteocytes
• lacunae
• hairlike canals that connect lacunae to each
other and the central canal
• canaliculi
Give examples of long bones
• Humerus, femur, radius, ulna, tibia, fibula
Give examples of flat bones
• Cranial, sternum
Give examples of irregular bones
• Vertebrae, pelvic
Give examples of short bones
• Tarsals, carpals
What part of the long bone contains
the spongy bone?
• epiphysis
What part of the long bone has the
compact bone?
• diaphysis
What are the differences between
osteoclasts and osteoblasts?
• Osteoclasts-destroy bone cells
• Osteoblasts-make bone cells