ENGLISH
COLONIZATION
CIVILIZATION COMES
TO
THE NEW WORLD
First Attempts
• Sir Walter Raleigh:
– Rich Englishman.
– Used his own money to start colony in 1586.
– Colonists unprepared.
– Should be farming
– Looking for gold
– Rescued by Sir Francis Drake
The Lost Colony
• Sir Walter Raleigh decides to try again in 1587.
Hires John White to supervise the colony.
White gets them started
and returns to
England.
• War between England and Spain keeps White
from returning.
• Doesn’t return until 1590.
• Everyone’s gone.
• The word CROATOAN was carved on a door
post.
• The only clue.
• Raleigh stopped using his own money.
• Need to develop a new way to colonize.
WHY COLONIZE?
• English colonization to the new world happens
for 2 basic reasons:
ECONOMIC PROBLEMS
• In England in the 1600’s the rich are getting
richer and the poor are getting poorer.
• Lots of TENANT FARMING.
• Rich landowners in England suddenly realize
they can make more money by kicking the
people off their land and instead raise sheep.
• They kick the people off their land.
• Lots of poor people now are homeless.
• Gotta do something with them.
JOINT STOCK COMPANIES
•
•
•
•
People still want to colonize in the New World.
Don’t want to lose all their money.
Form Joint Stock
Company.
Look for investors.
JAMESTOWN
• Lots of rich people investing.
• Lots of rich people making
lots of money.
• Lots of poor people need a
place to go.
• It’s a perfect fit.
• First Joint Stock Company formed to colonize
in the New World.
• THE VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON.
• 1607 – Settlement established on the James
River by 105 men and boys.
• Name the colony JAMESTOWN.
• After 7 months only 32 people survive.
• As they are getting ready to leave John Smith
arrives.
• He forces everyone to work
together for the good of the colony.
• He has one simple rule:
“If You
Don’t Work
You Don’t
Eat”
•
•
•
•
More colonists arrive.
Colony starts to become successful.
Smith meets Pocahontas
Smith gets injured in gun powder explosion
MAKING JAMESTOWN PROFITABLE
• After Smith leaves things again start to fall
apart.
• Known as the “STARVING TIME”.
• By 1610 only 60 of the 500 settlers survived.
• Along comes John Rolfe.
• He finds a way to make Jamestown profitable.
• Discovers a way to dry and ship TOBACCO.
• Now people can get extremely wealthy by
settling and planting tobacco in the New
World.
• The population of Jamestown soars.
• More settlements develop.
• Several things that happened helped Virginia to
become successful:
– 1.) Colonists are able to own land.
– 2.) Indentured Servants allowed to come.
– 3.) Women arrive - families can start.
– 4.) Colonists can elect their own Legislature. SELFGOVERNMENT (THIS WAS BIG).
RELIGIOUS CONFLICT
• King Henry VIII wants to divorce his wife.
• Pope Clement VII refuses to grant him an
annulment.
• Henry kicks the Catholic Church out of England.
• He names himself ruler of a new church called
the AGLICAN CHURCH a.k.a. the CHURCH OF
ENGLAND.
• The new religion is just like the Catholic Church
except it allows DIVORCE.
• All English citizens now HAVE to join his church.
• Not everyone was happy about this new church.
•
•
•
•
Some people still wanted to be Catholic.
Others didn’t want to be Catholic or Anglican.
These people wanted a more PURE faith.
They are called PURITANS.
PILGRIMS
• A Pilgrim is anyone who makes a religious
journey.
• First stop – The Netherlands.
• After a while the people see
their children adapting to
Dutch culture.
• They don’t like this.
• Time to move on.
• Back to England.
• Get permission from King James I to settle on
land north of Jamestown.
• On route they get blown off course by about
461 miles.
• They end up in, what is today, Massachusetts.
• Big Problems for the Pilgrims.
– Too far north
– Unprepared for winter; no food, no warm
blankets, no winter clothing, no crops, no charter,
no government.
• Write the MAYFLOWER COMPACT.
• All promise to work for the good of the colony.
• Pilgrims arrived too late to plant crops.
• Only food will be what they hunt and fish.
• They meet two Indians who help them;
Squanto and Samoset.
• They teach the Pilgrims how to plant crops,
what plants are edible, etc.
• Saved their lives
• To thank the Indians we had the first
Thanksgiving.
PURITANS
• Back in England those who stayed to change
the church from within are tired of being
discriminated against.
• They form a Joint Stock Company called the
MASSACHUSETTS BAY COMPANY.
• They get permission to settle on land north of
Plymouth.
• They call their colony Massachusetts.
• In 10 years 20,000 people came to
Massachusetts.
• Citizens can elect a General Court.
• Puritans don’t like celebrating, dancing,
gambling, sports, basically anything FUN.
• Non-believers show up.
• This is going to
cause problems.
ROGER WILLIAMS
• Arrived in 1631.
• Felt church leaders not
following the teachings of
the Bible.
• Felt Indians should be paid
for their land.
• 1635 – Banned from the
colony.
• Gets a charter to start
colony of Providence,
south of Massachusetts.
ANNE HUTCHINSON
• Arrived in Massachusetts in
1634.
• Believes people can talk
directly to God without
interference of the Church
• Put on trial for Heresy, found
guilty and banned from the
colony.
• Goes to Providence. Later
tries to start her own colony
and is killed by Indians.
REVEREND THOMAS HOOKER
• Disagreed with Church
leaders
• Getting crowded, needs to
look for good farm land
• Voluntarily left with his
followers.
• Founded CONNECTICUT.
• Wrote first written
Constitution: THE
FUNDAMENTAL ORDERS OF
CONNECTICUT
NEW HAMPSHIRE
• As the colony grew
people moved north
to land bordering
New France.
• The settlers received
a charter from the
King in 1679.
• The area north and
east of that stayed
part of Massachusetts
until 1820
THE NEW ENGLAND COLONIES
• Massachusetts,
Rhode Island,
Connecticut
and New
Hampshire are
known as the
New England
colonies.
THE MIDDLE COLONIES
• The area in between
The New England
Colonies and Virginia
belonged to the
Dutch.
• Their leader, Peter
Stuyvesant, was
afraid the British
were going to try
and take over.
• 1664 – King Charles II orders the British navy
to capture New Netherlands.
• It is captured without a fight.
• King Charles gives the land to his brother
James, the Duke of York.
• James renames the area New York and keeps
it for himself.
NEW JERSEY
• James gives the land
between the Hudson
& Delaware Rivers to
his two friends, Lord
George Carteret and
Sir John Berkeley.
PENNSYLVANIA
• Land west of New Jersey was given to William
Penn Jr., who was member of church known
as the “SOCIETY OF FRIENDS”.
• He calls Pennsylvania his “Holy Experiment”.
DELAWARE
• Pennsylvania has no
access to the ocean.
• Penn asks the Duke
of York for land
along the Delaware
Bay to gain access to
the sea.
• This later becomes
the colony of
Delaware.
• These four
colonies, New
York, New
Jersey,
Pennsylvania
& Delaware
become
known as the
Middle
Colonies.
THE SOUTHERN COLONIES
• The King’s good friend was George Calvert.
• He was a Roman Catholic.
• To protect him the king gave him land in North
America.
• Calvert (aka Lord Baltimore) names the colony
for the King’s wife, Henrietta Marie.
• The colony is a haven for Catholics and
Protestants. He calls it Maryland.
CAROLINA
• The land Carolina was given to 8 Noblemen.
• Later settlers from Virginia caused the colony
to be split.
• North Carolina
was for small
farmers and
South Carolina
was for larger
plantations.
GEORGIA
• Poor people in England
are being sent to
debtors prisons.
• James Oglethorpe has
friend in one and wants
to help.
• After his friend dies he
asks the King if he can
start a colony in the
New World as a second
chance for these poor
people.
• These five colonies: Maryland, Virginia, North
Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia are
known as the Southern Colonies.