Indus Valley
Chapter 7
Pg. 116
~ PBS India Intro. Video ~
(5:23 Minutes)
Objectives
• How did government develop?
• How did they rise/fall?
• Discuss major conflicts and the
significance of them.
• What role does religion play?
• Discuss the impact of the innovations of
the period.
Vocabulary
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Subcontinent
Monsoons
Hinduism
Reincarnation
Caste System
Epics
Asoka
Peshawar
Tamils
Guptas
Ancient Asia Map
Use pages 118, 127 and 136
for locations.
Directions: Locate the following by
outlining and coloring locations.
Identify locations by name or number
and use DIFFERENT COLORS for
areas adjacent to each other.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Himalaya Mountains
Hinu Kush Mountains
Arabian Sea
Bay of Bengal
Sri Lanka
Nepal
Tibet
Kapilavastu
Indian Ocean
South China Sea
4
India’s Legacy
~ PBS Taj Mahal Video ~
(1:13 Minutes)
•
•
•
•
Hinduism
Taj Mahal
Decimal System
Creating Zero
Indus Valley Timeline
(Text Pg. 130)
— Harappan Age (2500 – 1500 B.C.)
• Highly developed cultures in Mohenjo-Daro and
Harappa
— Vedic Age (1500 – 500 B.C.)
• Invaders took over India, it is called the Vedic Age
because of the sacred books created called Vedas
— Epic Age (900 – 500 B.C.)
• Late Vedic Age when the Mahabharata and
Ramayana were created in which ideas of the
Hindu religion are presented
— Mauryan Empire (321 – 184 B.C.)
— Gupta Empire (A.D. 320 – 500)
— Post Guptan “Golden Age” (A.D. 500 – 1100)
— Dehli Sultanate (A.D. 1100 – 1526)
Harappan Age
(2500 – 1500 B.C.)
Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro
• Located in Indus River Valley
• Developed civilizations
– Industry / Trade
– Writing
– High level of organization
• Aryans invaded
Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa
Mohenjo-Daro
Slideshow
Harappa Slideshow
Homes in Mohenjo-Daro
• Grid layout
• Different districts
• Paved streets lined
with shops
• Windows facing the
courtyard
• Staircases to roof
Bathrooms in Mohenjo-Daro
Toilets
Sewer System
Drainage
Outlets
Mohenjo-Daro
• Citadel or fort
– Guarded the city
– Had a granary and a
large bath believed to be
used for religious rituals.
Inside the Citadel
• Bath located in
the middle of
the picture
• Granary in the
background on
the mound
Different Classes of People
• Domestic articles
• Children’s toys
Stamp Seals
• 400 Symbols found
– Not deciphered
• Used to show
ownership
Religion
Goddesses
The Priest-King
Aryan Invasion
(1750 B.C.)
Look at geography:
What features do you see?
Where would people settle?
Why would they settle
there?
Explain the ecosystems in
India.
Aryans
 Nomad warriors
 From Central Asia
 Group split
 One to Greece, Italy & Europe
 One to Asia Minor & Middle East
 Third crossed Hindu Kush Mtns.
— Found Dravidians: People from Indus Valley
— Aryans herded animals between raids
— Neglected Dravidian cities
Check this out…
Click video and be able to answer the following questions.
• In which country is Harappa located today?
• Before the 1920’s why would Europeans
believe that Indian culture was primitive /
backward?
• What happened to Harappa that made it “lost”
for so long?
~ PBS Harappa Video ~
(3:43 Minutes)
Vedic Age
(1500 - 500 B.C.)
Veda = Knowledge
• First Aryan-influenced civilization
• Vedas = a collection of writings/scriptures
– Contained information on how Aryans lived
• # 1 Family - #2 Concern for group
– To this day, the welfare of the Indian family is
often more important that the wishes of an
individual.
• Hinduism began
Religion - Hinduism
Is it monotheistic or polytheistic?
Brahman = God = Everything in the
universe
There are many more Gods, but they are the
different faces of Brahman.
“To be put again into a
body.”
Life exists so the soul can learn the
difference between the dream and reality.
Reincarnation =
Vedic Age
(1500 - 500 B.C.)
— Caste system begins
 Social organization
 4 Groups
Government
 Nomadic
 Tribal with
a king
Epic Age
(900 - 500 B.C.) – Notice…this is still in the Vedic Age
Epics =
Long story-poems on
heroic subjects & offer
ethical instruction
Most famous poems
• Mahabharata
• Ramayana
Government
• Small kingdoms formed
• Had some elements of democracy
– King was leader of legislative, executive and judicial
areas
Epic Age
(900 - 500 B.C.)
Sanskrit (alphabet) invented
~ PBS Sanskrit Video ~
(4:39 Minutes)
Answer these questions during the video.
1. Which caste passed down the Vedas?
2. What 2 languages have similar words to Sanskrit?
Indian Invasions & Empires
(328 B.C. – A.D. 647)
Alexander the Great
» Hoped to conquer Asia
» Crossed into Indus Valley
» Defeated
Mauryan Empire (321 – 184 B.C.)
Chandragupta Maurya
• Influenced by Alexander the Great
• Seized northern kingdoms
• Declared himself ruler
Mauryan Empire
(321 B.C. – 184 B.C.)
Asoka
• Grandson of Chandragupta
• Planned to unify India
• Tried war once
 Didn’t like it
– Became Buddhist
– Told his people to
lead virtuous lives
• After his death
many bad leaders
and then more
invasions until
A.D. 200
Gupta Empire – “Golden Age”
(A.D. 320 - 500)
Daily Life
• City-State Government
– Rulers were strong and fair
• Income from:
– Port fees
– Land taxes
– Produce taxes
• Buddhism declined
• Learning Advanced
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–
–
–
Developed number symbols
Decimal system
Created Zero
Earth was round
(Check out the date…Some Europeans still thought
the world was flat by A.D. 1000!)
Post-Guptan “Golden Age”
(A.D. 500 - 1100)
• Small Kingodoms ruled
– Many wars
– Southern Kingdoms Stronger
– 800 A.D. – Northern Kingdoms rose
• Fought off Abbasid armies
– Abbasid – People from present day Iraq
• Great Architecture created
• 1000 A.D. – Cholan Empire (South)
• 1100 A.D. – Abbasid armies won
Dehli Sultanate
(A.D. 1100 - 1526)
Islam introduced
to India.
• Muslim general started dynasty
• Made of many dynasties
– 1192 – Slave Dynasty
• Mamluks – Slave Soldiers
• Converted Hindus & Buddhists to Islam
• Ended in civil war
– 1290 – Khalji Dynasty
• Controlled even southern part of India
• Began loosing control by 1325
• Southern India = Hindu state
• Central India = Islamic state
– 1398 – Mongols invaded
• Ended Delhi Sultanate by 1500