All matter is made up of atoms
Atoms have two parts
Atomic structure
Nucleus
Electron cloud
The nucleus is made up of two
atomic sub particles.
The nucleus is made up of two
atomic sub particles.
Nucleus
a positively (+)
charged
Proton
++
++
The nucleus is made up of two
atomic sub particles.
Nucleus
a positively (+)
charged
Proton
0+
+000+
+
a particle with NO
charge (0) called a
Neutron.
The electron cloud is made up of
one atomic sub particle.
The electron cloud is made up of
one atomic sub particle.
a negatively (-) charged Electron
-
0
++0+0+
0
-
-
This is a Bohr model of the
Beryllium atom.
-
-
0
++0+0+0
0
-
This atom has a charge that is in equilibrium.
4 positive charges balance out the 4
negatively charged electrons. The neutrons
carry NO charge and therefor have no effect
on the charge of the atom.
-
0
++0+0+
0
-
-
Atoms lose their protons or neutrons but it is
extremely difficult and time consuming. They
can lose their electrons very easily.
-
0
0
++0+0+
0
-
-
If this Beryllium atom losses an electron
it would become positively charged.
-
0
0+0
+++
00
-
-
Because there are more positively charged
protons than negative charges.
If this Beryllium atom loses an electron it
would become positively charged.
It is no longer
called an atom.
It is called an
ion.
-
0
0+
+++
00
-
-
Specifically
a cation.
Because there are more positively charged
protons than negative charges.
If this Beryllium atom gains an electron
it would become negatively charged.
0
0+
+++ Specifically
- 00
an anion.
Because there are-more negatively charged
It is no longer
called an atom.
It is called an
ion.
protons than positively charged protons.
Using the periodic table to create
a Bohr Model of an atom.
The periods (rows)
Indicate the number of
Orbitals (energy shells or
electron shells)
that make up the
electron
cloud.
Using the periodic table to create
a Bohr Model of an atom.
Columns (called groups or families) indicate the number of electrons
that can be found in the outermost energy shell
called the valence
Shell.
How many energy shells does
Potassium (K) have?
.
How many valence electrons
(electrons in the outer shell) does
Potassium (K) have?
.
Each square of the periodic table
gives particular information about
the atoms of an element. Txt. P. 19
The atomic number tells you
How many protons and
Electrons the element has.
The atomic mass made
up of protons and
Neutrons.
The Chemical symbol of
The element.
Subtracting the atomic number from the
mass, will give us the number of neutrons in
the element
Electron configuration rules
1. The innermost shell, due to its
radius, can only hold 2 electrons.
2. The next shell can hold 8
electrons.
3. The third shell can hold up to
18 electrons.
4. The 4th shell can hold up to 32
electrons.
With these rules in mind create a
Bohr model of Al.
.
Al is in the 3rd period and 13th group.
As a result, we know that AL has __
electron shells and___electrons in its
valence shell. Its atomic number is_____
and so has___protons and___ electrons.
Its atomic mass is___ and so it has _____
neutrons.
rd
3
period= 3 energy shells
th
13
family= 3 valence electrons
Rule 1: there are 2 electrons
In the inner shell.
-
Atomic number is 13. So it
Has 13 electrons all together.
So how many electrons will there be in
the shell that we haven’t filled yet?
-
-
- -
-
-
13P
14N
- 13P
13.982N