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Mental Health
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What is Mental Health ?
 The World Health Organization defines mental health
as "a state of well-being in which the individual realizes
his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal
stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and
is able to make a contribution to his or her community“.
Source Wikipedia, 2012
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What is Mental Health ?
 Mental health describes a level of psychological wellbeing, or an absence of a mental disorder.
 Mental health may include an individual's ability to enjoy
life, and create a balance between life activities.
 Mental health can also be defined as an expression of
emotions, and as signifying a successful adaptation to a
range of demands.
Source Wikipedia, 2012
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What is Mental Health ?
 Mental health is how we think, feel and act as we cope
with life. It also helps determine how we handle stress,
relate to others and make choices.
 Like physical health, mental health is important at every
stage of life, from childhood and adolescence through
adulthood.
Source Medline 2012
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What is Mental Health ?
 It appears that there is not one "official" definition of
mental health.
 Cultural differences, subjective assessments, and
competing professional theories all affect how "mental
health" is defined.
Source Wikipedia, 2012
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 Mental disorders include a wide range of problems,
including
Anxiety disorders, including panic disorder, obsessivecompulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and phobias
Bipolar disorder
Depression
Personality disorders
Psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia
Source Medlineplus, 2012
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Symptoms and Pathogenesis
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 Many people have mental health concerns from time to
time.
 But a mental health concern becomes a mental illness
when signs and symptoms cause frequent stress and affect
your ability to function.
Source Mayo clinic, 2012
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 A mental illness can make you miserable and can cause
problems in your daily life, such as at work or in
relationships.
 In most cases, mental illness symptoms can be managed
with a combination of medications and counseling
(psychotherapy).
Source Mayo clinic, 2012
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 Signs and symptoms of mental illness can vary,
depending on the particular disorder and other factors.
 Mental illness symptoms can affect emotions,
thoughts and behaviors. Sometimes symptoms of a
mental health disorder appear as physical problems.
Source Mayo Clinic , 2012
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Abnormal thinking,
behavior and emotions
Source Mayo Clinic , 2012
thinking,
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behavior and emotions
These types of mental illness signs and symptoms
can include:
Feeling sad or down
Confused thinking
Excessive fears or worries
Withdrawal from friends and activities
Problems sleeping
Detachment from reality (delusions) or hallucinations
Source CDC, 2011
thinking,
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behavior and emotions
These types of mental illness signs and symptoms
can include:
Inability to cope with daily problems or stress
Alcohol or drug abuse
Significant changes in eating habits
Sex drive changes
Excessive anger, hostility or violence
Suicidal thinking
Source CDC, 2011
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Physical symptoms
Source Mayo Clinic , 2012
symptoms
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 Physical signs and symptoms of mental illness may
include:
Fatigue
Back pain
Chest pain
Digestive problems
Dry mouth
Source Mayo Clinic , 2012
symptoms
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 Physical signs and symptoms of mental illness may
include:
Headache
Sweating
Weight gain or loss
Rapid heart rate
Dizziness
Source Mayo Clinic , 2012
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 In general, signs and symptoms may indicate a
mental illness when they make you miserable and
interfere with your ability to function in your daily life.
 You may have trouble coping with stress, anger or
other emotions.
Or you may find it difficult to handle family, work or
school responsibilities.
Source Mayo Clinic , 2012
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Complications
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 Mental illness is a leading cause of disability.
 Aside from reducing your overall quality of life,
untreated mental illness can cause severe emotional,
behavioral and physical health problems.
 Mental illness can also cause legal and financial
problems.
Source Mayo Clinic , 2012
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 Complications linked to mental illness include:
Unhappiness and decreased enjoyment of life
Family conflicts
Relationship difficulties
Social isolation
Substance abuse
Source Mayo Clinic , 2012
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 Complications linked to mental illness include:
Missed work or school, or other problems related to
work or school
Heart disease and other medical conditions
Poverty
Homelessness
Suicide
Source Mayo Clinic , 2012
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Diagnosis of Mental illness
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 To determine if you have a mental health condition, a mental
health provider will work with you and your loved ones to
assess:
Your signs and symptoms: mental health provider will ask
about your signs and symptoms, timeline and effect on your life.
Others' perceptions: Your perceptions alone might not give you
an accurate picture of your behavior, thoughts or ability to
function. Other people in your life can help you understand
whether your behavior is normal or healthy.
Source Mayo Clinic , 2012
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 Doctor will try to rule out any physical problems that could be
causing your symptoms, pinpoint a diagnosis and check for any
related complications.
 Physical exam : Vital signs
 Psychological exam: A doctor or mental health provider will
talk to you about your thoughts, feelings and behavior patterns.
 Laboratory tests: check thyroid function or a screening for
Source Mayo Clinic , 2012
alcohol and drugs...
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Epidemiology
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 Mental illness is common.
 About 1 in 4 adults has a mental illness in any given year.
 And nearly half of them have more than one mental
illness at the same time.

Source Mayo Clinic, 2012
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 Mental illness can begin at any age, from childhood
through later adult years.
 More than 1 out of 20 Americans 12 years of age and
older reported current depression in 2005–2006
Source CDC
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Prevalence of current depression* among adults aged
≥18 years, by state quartile† — Behavioral Risk Factor
Surveillance System, United States, 2006§
Patient Health Questionnaire-8 severity score of ≥10.
Quartiles based on point estimates.
§ For Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Massachusetts,
New York, and Ohio, data are from 2008.
*
†
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Prevalence of serious psychological distress* among
adults aged ≥18 years, by state quartile† — Behavioral
Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2007§
* Kessler-6 score of ≥13.
† For Tennessee and Utah, data are from 2009.
§ Quartiles based on point estimates.
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Mean number of mentally unhealthy days* during past 30 days
among adults aged ≥18 years, by state quartile — Behavioral Risk
Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2009
* Survey question: "Now thinking about your mental health, which
includes stress, depression, and problems with emotions, for how
many days during the last 30 days was your mental health not good?"
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Overview of Mental Health in Minnesota
Source MDH 2011 HIV/AIDS in M Minnesota : Annual Review
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 On average, Minnesotans with serious mental illness do
not live past an average age of 58, while those without
mental illness live to an average age of 82.
 Over 8% of Minnesota’s adult population (or about
350,000 Minnesotans) experienced significant depressive
symptoms in 2011; and 3% (about 125,000) had symptoms
of suggestive of serious psychological distress (although
these groups are not mutually exclusive)
Source MDH, 2012
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Causes
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 There are many causes of mental disorders:
 Genes and family history may play a role.
 Life experiences, such as stress or a history of abuse, may
also matter.
 Biological factors can also be part of the cause.
 A traumatic brain injury can lead to a mental disorder.
Source Medlineplus, 2012
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Risk factors
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 Although the precise cause of mental illness isn't
known, certain factors may increase your risk of
developing mental health problems, including:
 Having a biological relative, such as a parent or sibling,
with a mental illness
 Experiences in the womb — for example, having a
mother who was exposed to viruses or who had poor
nutrition may be linked to schizophrenia
Source Mayo Clinic, 2012
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 Undergoing stressful life situations, such as financial
problems, a loved one's death or a divorce
 Having a chronic medical condition, such as cancer
 Undergoing traumatic experiences, such as military
combat or being assaulted
Source Mayo Clinic, 2012
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 Use of illegal drugs
 Being abused or neglected as a child
 Having few friends or few healthy relationships
Source Mayo Clinic, 2012
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Prevention
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 There's no sure way to prevent mental illness.
 However, if you do have a mental illness, taking steps to
control stress, to increase your resilience and to boost low
self-esteem may help keep your symptoms under control.
Follow these steps:
Source Mayo Clinic, 2012
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Follow these steps:
 Stick to your treatment plan.
 Pay attention to warning signs.
 Get routine medical care.
 Get help when you need it.
 Take care of yourself.
Source Mayo Clinic, 2012
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Treatment
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 Staying mentally healthy is not always easy, especially
during tough times. Here are some tips that can help:
 Get support from family and friends
 Find time to take care of yourself and relax
 Have a healthy lifestyle, with regular exercise
 It is also important to recognize when you may need help
from a professional. Mental disorders are common, but
treatments are available.
Source Medline plus, 2012
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 If you have any signs or symptoms of a mental
illness, see your doctor, mental health provider or other
health professional.
 Most mental illnesses don't improve on their own,
and if untreated, a mental illness may get worse over
time and cause significant problems.
Source Mayo Clinic, 2012
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Medications
 Although psychiatric medications don't cure mental
illness, they can often significantly improve symptoms,
whether you have depression, schizophrenia, an anxiety
disorder or another condition.
 Psychiatric medications can also help make other
treatments, such as psychotherapy, more effective.
Source Mayo Clinic, 2012
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 Antidepressant medications : fluoxetine (Prozac) and
citalopram (Celexa).
 Mood-stabilizing medications: lithium
divalproex (Depakote), lamotrigine (Lamictal).
(Lithobid),
 Anti-anxiety medication : alprazolam (Xanax), lorazepam
(Ativan).
 Antipsychotic medications:
olanzapine (Zyprexa) and others.
clozapine
(Clozaril),
Source Mayo Clinic, 2012