Biology 2nd 9 Week
District Assessment Review
Gregor Mendel
1. When using Punnett
Squares to show inherited
probability, a capital letter
Dominant
stands for the ___________
allele.
2. Meiosis is a type of
cell division that
produces:
Gametes
3. How many gametes
does Meiosis produce?
Four
4. Define HaploidCell with half the number of chromosomes
(n) as a diploid (2n) cell.
5. Meiosis Results in how many
daughter cells and what type of cell?
4 haploid daughter cells
6. What is happening to the cells when
cancer forms?
Uncontrolled cell growth
7. Meiosis is a type of cell division
that produces gametes (egg and
sperm). Gametes have how many
chromosomes as compared to the
original parent cell?
Half
8. What is the DNA segment from
which this section of mRNA was
transcribed?
GUG UGA
C AC ACT
Review Chargaff’s
Rules about DNA
• DNA should have a 1:1 ratio (base Pair Rule)
Explained:
• The amount of guanine is roughly equal to cytosine
• The amount of adenine is roughly equal to thymine.
9. What is a valid conclusion that can be drawn
from this data below considering Chargaff’s rule?
The amount of adenine roughly equals the amount of
thymine and the amount of guanine roughly equals the
amount of cytosine.
10. What type of image is this and what
is it used for?
Karyotype map
Picture of someone's chromosomes
in order to detect chromosomal
disorders.
11. Identify the location of the defect
and the name of the disorder?
Trisomy #21
Down Syndrome
12. Define Phenotype and give examples:
The actual characteristic displayed or
expressed by the individual.
Ex: brown eyes, blond hair, purple
flowers, tall, dwarf, etc.)
13. Using the Punnett square how
many offspring will have blue eyes if
A = blue and a = brown?
3
Review - Sex Linked Traits
• Sex Chromosomes
– Female = XX
– Male = XY
• Sex linked traits are
carried on the X
chromosome
• Ex. Hemophilia, redgreen colorblindness
14. Using the Punnett square below, how many offsprings
will have color blindness? One
15. Gametes have how many chromosomes if
the parent started with 8?
4 – Half the Number (image starts with 4
ends with 2)
16. What is a stop codon?
Stop codons stop translation or the making of
proteins by stringing amino acids together.
17. What happened to the original DNA
code for the amino acid sequence?
The polypeptide chain changed because of a
point mutation
18. What are stem cells?
Unspecialized cell that can develop
into a specialized cell under the right conditions
19. What signals stem cells to become
specialized cells such as nerve or skin
cells?
• DNA
• RNA
• Environmental
factors
Translation
20. Label the parts below :
A- amino acid
B- tRNA
C- anticodon
D- codon
E- mRNA
F- Ribosome
G-polypeptide
21. Define the process of what is happening at the
red arrow!
tRNAs attaches the anticodon’s to the codon’s on the mRNA
strand which adds the amino acid to the polypeptide chain
22. Central Dogma of Protein
Synthesis…Fill in the missing parts!
DNA
?  RNA  protein
?  trait
?
?
23. When the stop codon is reached, a chain of
amino acids have been formed. This chain
will fold and a ________ is made for the cell.
Protein
24. In pea plants, a Yellow pea plant (Y) is dominant to the
green pea plant (y). The cross of both plants is represented
in the Punnett square below. Predict the percentage of the
offspring that will likely be heterozygous Yellow.
50%
25. Identify the amino acid chain from the following
RNA strand: AUGCACAAUAAGGUCUGA
Methionine, Histidine, Asparagine, Lysine, Valine, Stop
26. Give the process in which mRNA attaches to
the ribosome and a protein in assembled.
Translation
27. Give the process in which mRNA is synthesized
from the template DNA strand.
Transcription
28. What are the stages of mitosis?
1. Prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase
29. Identify the 3 parts of Interphase
and what is happening?
1. G1 phase –
cell growth
2. S phase –
replication of
DNA
3. G2 phase –
replication
of organelles
for cell division
30. What is the difference between rRNA
and tRNA when it comes to translation of
mRNA into proteins?
rRNA works with
proteins to form
the ribosome
tRNAs transports
amino acids
31. Give 3 reasons why cells divide?
32. Rosalind Franklin was the 1st scientist to
state that the backbone of DNA was sugar &
phosphate. Who developed the model?
Watson and Crick
33. What is this an xray of?
DNA
34. What is the shape of DNA?
Double Helix
35. What type of mutation is
represented below?
Deletion
(the D part of the chromosome is left out)
36. What type of mutation is represented
below?
Insertion
(part BC of a chromosome breaks off
and attaches to its sister chromatid)
37. What is a Frameshift Mutation
A nitrogen base is either deleted or added.
Example: The dog bit the cat.  The dob itt hec at.
38. What is a substitution mutation?
The amino acid chain was altered by
a change to the sequence
39. Identify the phase of mitosis
occurring in the cell
Prophase
40. Identify the phase of mitosis
occurring in the cell
Metaphase
41. Identify the phase of mitosis
occurring in the cell
Anaphase
42. Identify the phase of mitosis
occurring in the cell
Telophase
43. In which stage of Interphase is the cell’s DNA copied?
S Phase
44. What type of complementary molecule is being
produced and how do you know?
Complementary mRNA strand is produced from a
segment of DNA
Uracil is present
45. Name of this type of chart and what it is
used for?
• Pedigree
• Shows pattern of inheritance of a specific trait
through a family
46. According to the chart above which of
the following amino acid is coded for by the
DNA codon GCT?
CGA - Arginine
47. According to the chart above which of
the following amino acid is coded for by the
AGG - Arginine
DNA codon TCC?
48. According to the chart above which of
the following amino acid is coded for by the
AUG - Methionine
DNA codon TAC?
49. GUG codes for which amino acid?
Valine
50. What connects the
complementary nucleotides?
Hydrogen Bonds
51. What is important about Crossing
Over?
Creates genetic variation in gametes
52. The correct sequence between
genes and their expression is:
DNA
RNA
?
Protein
Trait
?
53. Which molecule initiates protein synthesis?
DNA will provide the codes to build a protein.
54. How are Proteins Made?
To make a protein, a cell must put a chain
of amino acids together in the right order.
55. Which molecule is responsible for
your traits and what makes it unique?
DNA - deoxyribonucleic
acid
Genetic information exists
in the sequence of
the nucleotides on the DNA
Strand
56. In pea plants, purple flowers (P) are
dominant to white flowers (p). If two
heterozygous purple plants are crossed, what
percent of the offspring will probably be white?
P
p
P
PP
Pp
p
Pp
pp
25% White
57. Give 4 characteristics of gene
regulation?
Occurs in Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
Each cell expresses, or turns on, only a
fraction of its genes. The rest of the genes are
repressed, or turned off.
Different genes are active at different times.
This process can determine the amount of
protein product that is made by a gene at any
given time.
58. In parrots, a sharp beak (A) is dominant to a dull beak (a),
and shiny feathers (L) is dominant to dull feathers (l). If a parrot
has the genotype of Aall, what are the possible genetic
combinations of its offspring?
Genotype: Aall
A.
B.
C.
D.
Al, al
AL, al
AL, AL, al
Al, al, aA, AL
59. In cats, the allele for Yellow fur (E) is dominant
over the allele for black fur (e) and the allele for short
fur (F) is dominant over the allele for long fur (f).
What percentage of the offspring from a EeFf x eeff
cross would be expected to be heterozygous for both
traits?
ef
25%
EF
EeFf
Ef
Eeff
eF
eeFf
ef
eeff