MIXTURES
CLASSIFYING MATTER
SEPARATING MIXTURES
I. CLASSIFYING MATTER
A. Substance – a material made of only one type of
molecule
1. Water is a substance when there are no impurities
2. Substances are always pure
3. There are two types of substances
a. Elements – when only one element is present you have a
substance
b. Compounds – two or more elements bound together
• Water is a compound made of hydrogen and oxygen bound together
• If the atoms are bound together strongly, we call it a molecule, if not it is
just called a compound
B. Mixture – A combination of two or more substances
1. Pepsi is a mixture of sugar, water, carbon dioxide, and other
ingredients
2. Mixtures do not have to be liquids, dry cement is a mixture
I. CLASSIFYING MATTER
C. Two types of mixtures
1. Heterogeneous mixture – the substances are not
mixed evenly
a. Samples taken at different locations will have different
amounts and/or types of molecules
b. Ex: Chili, raisin bran, granite, etc.
2. Homogeneous mixture – each type of molecule
present is even distributed throughout the mixture
a. A sample anywhere in the mixture will have the same
composition
b. Solution – another name for a liquid homogenous mixture
COMPREHENSION CHECK
A. Classify each of the following as homogeneous or
heterogeneous.
1. Sea water homogeneous
2. Your desktop homogeneous
3. Lucky Charms
4. I-pod
heterogeneous
heterogeneous
5. Kool-Aid
homogeneous
6. Water Not a Mixture
7. Tomato soup
homogeneous
8. Calm chowder heterogeneous
COMPREHENSION CHECK
Draw the diagram below and fill in the empty boxes with a heading and description
Matter
Anything that has
mass
Substance
only has one type of
material, pure
Element
contains only one
type of atom
Mixture
More than one kind
of substance
Compounds
contains more than
one type of atom
Compound
atoms connected
by a weak bond
Heterogeneous
material is chunky,
unevenly mixed
Molecules
atoms connected
by a strong bond
Homogeneous
material is evenly
mixed throughout
Solution
liquid homogeneous
mixture
III. SEPARATING MIXTURES
A. Filtration – uses a filter to remove pieces of a
solid from a liquid
B. Distillation – if two liquids are that are mixed
have different boiling points, the mixture can
be heated slowly. The liquid with the lowest
boiling point will evaporate faster and boil
sooner.
1. You cannot completely separate the substances
using distillation because some of the other liquid
will also evaporate during the process
C. Evaporation – to remove a dissolved solid,
the liquid can be evaporated