一、Single Choice Questions
1、 choroid of eyeball
A. occupies posterior five-sixths of middle tunic
and is white in colour
B. outer surface is covered by pigment cell
layer of retina
C. inner surface is close to sclera
D. supplies the nutrition
E. receives stimulation of light
2、 ciliary body
A. is posterior extension of choroid
B. located on external surface of junction of
cornea and sclera
C. is the thickest part of middle tunic
D.constriction of ciliary m. tenses ciliary
zonule
E.constriction of ciliary m. decreases
convexity of lens
3、 iris
A. is the largest part of middle tunic
B. divides chamber of the eye into anterior
and posterior chambers
C. iris and sclera meet to form angle of
anterior
chamber
D. Has the function of refracting light
E. is colourless and transparant
4. The ascending tract in the spinal cord is
A. spinothalamic tract
B. anterior corticospinal tract
C. lateral corticospinal tract
D. rubrospinal tract
E. vestibulospinal tract
5. The fasciculus gracilis
A. extends the whole length of the spinal cord
B. lies in the lateral part of the posterior
funiculus
C. transmits the proprioceptive sensation of the
contralateral lower limb
D. transmits the proprioceptive sensation of
bilateral lower limb
E. transmits the proprioceptive sensation of
homolateral trunk and limbs
6、In adult, the lower end of spinal cord is
at the level of
A. inferior border of L1
B. superior border of L1
C. inferior border of L2
D. superior border of L2
E. superior border of L3
7、The position of the 10th thoracic
segment of spinal cord is at the level of
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
9th thoracic vertebra
8th thoracic vertebra
7th thoracic vertebra
6th thoracic vertebra
1st lumbar vertebra
8、 Which is wrong about anterior horn of
spinal cord
A. consists of the sensory neuron
B. consists of the motor neuron
C. its neuron axon passes through the
anterior root of spinal nerve
D. innervates the skeletal muscle
E. is innervated by corticospinal tract
9、 Which segment of the spinal cord
conducts the skin sensation at the level of
umbilicus
A. the 4th thoracic segment
B. the 6th thoracic segment
C. the 8th thoracic segment
D. the 10th thoracic segment
E. the 12th thoracic segment
10. The tracts being related to
transmitting motor information in spinal
cord are
A. fasciculus gracilis
B. fasciculus cuneatus
C. corticonuclear tract
D. lateral corticospinal tract
E. anterior corticospinal tract
二、Multiple Choice Questions
1、
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
retina
is divides into outer and inner layers
outer layer contains photoreceptors
inner layer is pigment cell lamina
optic disc is in sensitive to light
visual acuity in fouea centralis of
macula lutea is highest
2、 walls of tympanic cavity
A. superior wall is tegmental wall which
separates the middle cranial fossa from
tympanic cavity
B. inferior wall is jugular wall
C. anterior wall is carotid wall at superior
part of which there is the opening of
auditory tube
D. posterior wall is mastoid wall
E .lateral wall is membranous wall
3、 the tracts passing through the lateral
funiculus of the spinal cord includ
A 、lateral corticospinal tract
B 、anterior corticospinal tract
C 、anterior spinocerebellar tract
D 、posterior spinocerebellar tract
E 、vestibulospinal tract
The brain stem
The brain stem
midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata
Bulbopontine
sulcus
ventral surface of the brain stem
Medulla oblongata
Pyramid : contain pyramidal tract
(corticospinal tract)
Decussation of pyramid
formed by crossing fibers of
corticospinal tract
Olive : overlying inferior
olivary nucleus
hypoglossal nerve
emerge from anterolateral sulcus
Glossopharyngeal n.
vagus n.
accessory n.
emerge from
retroolivary sulcus
ventral surface of the brain stem
Pons
Basilar part
Basilar sulcus
Bulbopontine sulcus
from medial to lateral,
abducent, n
facial n.
vestibulocochlear n.
ventral surface of the brain stem
Pons
Middle cerebellar peduncle
Trigeminal nerve
Pontocerebellar trigone
the junction of medulla, pons and
cerebellum
ventral surface of the brain stem
Midbrain
Crus cerebri
Interpeduncular fossa
oculomotor nerves
emerge from medial of crus cerebri
Posterior perforated
substance
dorsal surface of the brain stem
Medulla oblongata
Gracile tubercle
overlying gracile nucleus
Cuneate tubercle
overlying cuneate
nucleus
Inferior cerebellar
dorsal surface of the brain stem
Pons

Superior cerebellar
peduncle

Superior medullary
velum
dorsal surface of the brain stem
Midbrain
Superior colliculus
centers of visual flexes
Inferior colliculus
conduct auditory sensation
Trochlear nerve
Brachium of superior colliculus
Brachium of inferior colliculus
dorsal surface of the brain stem
rhomboid fossa
Boundaries
Superolateral:
superior cerebellar peduncle
Inferolateral:
gracile tubercles
cuneate tubercles
inferior cerebellar peduncle
Lateral recess
dorsal surface of the brain stem
rhomboid fossa
Median sulcus
Sulcus limitans
Vestibular area
overlies vestibular nuclei
Acoustic tubercle
overlying dorsal cochlear nucleus
Medial eminence
Striae medullares
Facial colliculus
overlies nucleus of abducent n. and
genu of facial nerve
dorsal surface of the brain stem
rhomboid fossa
Hypoglossal triangle
overlying hypoglossal nucleus
Vagal triangle
overlies dorsal nucleus of vagus
nerve
Area postrema ：lies between
the vagal triangle and gracile
tubercles
Locus ceruleus at the upper end of
Sulcus limitans
Fourth ventricle
position
Lie between the
Pons medulla
Oblongata
and cerebellum
(in front of cerebellum and
posterior to the pons and
medulla oblongata ).
第四脑室
Fourth ventricle
Floor-- rhomboid fossa
Roof：
Anterior part
superior cerebellar peduncle
superior medullary velum
Fourth ventricle
Roof：
Posterior part
inferior medullary velum
tela choroidea of fourth
Ventricle
choroid plexuses of fourth
Ventricle produce the
cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Tela choroidea and choroid plexus
Fourth ventricle
Communication
(1) Median aperture of fourth
ventricle
(2) lateral apertures of fourth
ventricle ：a pair.
Subarachnoid space
(3) mesencephalic aqueduct
（cerebral aqueduct ）
Third ventricle
Internal structures –
gray matter
Nuclei 神经核
■ Cranial nerve nuclei
■ Non- Cranial nerve nuclei ( relay nuclei)
The arrangments of Cranial nerve nuclei :
Cranial nerve nuclei
The Cranial nerve nuclei may be divided into 7 kinds:
General Somatic motor nuclei
Special visceral motor nuclei
General visceral motor nuclei
Visceral afferent（sensory）nuclei
( general and special )
General somatic afferent
（sensory） nuclei
Special somatic afferent
（sensory） nuclei
Cranial nerve nuclei
General Somatic motor nuclei
Nucleus of
oculomotor n.
Nucleus of trochlear n.
Nucleus of abducent n.
Nucleus of
hypoglossal n.
General Somatic motor nuclei
Nucleus
Nucleus of
Site
Cranial n.
Function
Supreior, inferior,and
medial rectus, inf. obliquus,
levator palpebrae
superioris
Midbrain
Ⅲ
Nucleus of
trochlear n.
Midbrain
Ⅳ
Superior obliquus
Nucleus of
abducent n.
Pons
Ⅵ
Lateral rectus
Nucleus of
hypoglossal n.
Medulla
Ⅻ
Muscles of tongue
Oculomotor n.
Cranial nerve nuclei
Special visceral motor nuclei
Motor nucleus of
trigeminal n.
Nucleus of facial n.
Nucleus ambiguus
Accessory nucleus
Special visceral motor nuclei
Nucleus
Motor nucleus
of trigeminal n.
Nucleus of
facial n.
Site
Cranial n.
Function
Masticatory muscles
Pons
Pons
Nucleus
ambiguus
Medulla
Accessory
nucleus
Medullacervical
cord
Ⅴ
Ⅶ
Ⅸ,Ⅹ.Ⅺ
Ⅺ
Facial m., platysma,
posterior belly of
digastric, stylohyoid,
stapedius 镫骨肌
Skeletal m. of pharynx,
larynx and upper part
of esophagus
Sternocleidomastoid,
trapezius
Cranial nerve nuclei
General visceral motor nuclei
Accessory oculomotor
nucleus
Superior salivatory nucleus
Inferior salivatory nucleus
Dorsal nucleus of vagus n.
●General visceral motor nuclei
Nucleus
Accessory
oculomotor
nucleus
Site
Midbrain
Cranial n.
Ⅲ
Function
Sphincter pupillae
and ciliary m.
Superior
salivatory nucleus
Pons
Ⅶ
Submandibular,
sublingual and
lacrimal glands
Inferior salivatory
nucleus
Medulla
Ⅸ
Parotid gland
Ⅹ
Many cervical,
thoracic and
abdominal viscera
Dorsal nucleus of
vagus n.
medulla
Cranial nerve nuclei
Visceral afferent nuclei
( general and special )
Nucleus of solitary
tract
Lies in the Medulla obongata
Send out the fibers to form
Ⅶ,Ⅸ,Ⅹ cranial n.
Function：
Taste and visceral sensation
Cranial nerve nuclei
General somatic afferent nuclei
Mesencephalic nucleus
of trigeminal n.
Pontine nucleus of
trigeminal n.
Spinal nucleus of
trigeminal n.
General somatic afferent nuclei
Nucleus
Mesencephalic
nucleus of
trigeminal n.
Pontine nucleus
of trigeminal n.
Site
Midbrain
Pons
Spinal nucleus of Medulla
trigeminal n.
Cranial n. Function
Ⅴ
Ⅴ
Ⅴ
Proprioception
of head
Tactile(touch)
sensation of
head
Pain and
temperature
sense of head
Cranial nerve nuclei
Special somatic afferent nuclei
Cochlear nuclei
Ventral cochlear nucleus
Drsal cochlear nucleus
Vestibular nuclei
Special somatic afferent nuclei
Nucleus
Site
Cochlear
nuclei
Pons
and
medulla
Vestibular
nuclei
Pons
and
medulla
Cranial n.
Ⅷ
Ⅷ
Function
Sensation of
hearing
Sensation of
equilibrium
non- Cranial nerve nuclei
■
In medulla oblongata
Gracile nucleus
Cuneate nucleus
Inferior olivary nucleus
■ In
pons
Pontine nucleus
non- Cranial nerve nuclei
■
in midbrain
inferior colliculus
Gray matter layers of
superior colliculus
Red nucleus
Substantia nigra
Non- Cranial nerve nuclei
Nucleus
position
Gracile nucleus
Medulla (underneath gracile
tubercle)
Cuneate nucleus
Medulla (underneath cuneate
tubercle)
Pons
Pontine nucleus
Nucleus of inferior
colliculus
Inferior colliculus
superior colliculus
Midbrain
Red nucleus
Midbrain
Substantia nigra
Midbrain
Midbrain
White matter
Ascending tracts
Medial lemniscus
Spinal lemniscus
Trigeminal lemniscus
Lateral lemniscus
Descending tracts
Pyramidal tract
Corticospinal tract
Corticonuclear tract
White matter —
ascending tracts
Medial lemniscus
decussation of medial
lemniscus
White matter —
ascending tracts
Spinal lemniscus
White matter —
ascending tracts
Trigeminal lemniscus
White matter —
ascending tracts
Lateral lemniscus
White matter —
descending tracts
Pyramidal tract
Corticospinal tract
Corticonuclear tract
Corticonuclear tract
White matter —
descending tracts
Others:




rubrospinal tract
tectospinal tract
vestibulospinal tract
reticulospinal tract
Reticular formation of brain stem
The reticular formation is recognized as the
extensive area outside the more conspicuous
fiber bundles and nuclei of the brain stem, in
which the grey were intermingled with whiter
matter. Its major function may sum up as follows:
Reticular formation of brain stem
■ Ascending reticular activating system
maintenance of the conscious state
of cerebeal cortex.
■ somatomotor control
reticulospinal tract
■ Viscceromotor control--
-vital centres
Cardiovascular center and
respiratory center in medulla
oblongata.
The transverse section of brain stem---Medulla oblongata
Lower part (closed part)
 Two decussations–
– Decussations of medial lemniscus
– Decussations of pyramid
The transverse section of brain stem---Medulla oblongata
Upper part (open part)


inferior olivary nuculeus and
inferior cerebellar peduncle
Enlargement of central canal to
form the fourth ventricle floor
Tracts: pyramidal tracy
medial lemniscus
inferior cerebellar peduncle
Nuclei:
nucleus of hypoglossal n.
dorsal nucleus of vagus n.
nucleus ambiguus.
solitary nucleus,
spinal nucleus of trigeminal n.
The transverse section of brain stem---pons
■ Basilar part
longitudinal fibers(pyramidal tract)
transverse fibers arised from the
pontine nuclei.
Middle cerebellar peduncle
■ Tegmentum of pons
contains a number of new cranial
nerve nuclei ,Such as :
nucleus of abducent n.
nucleus of facial n.
vestibular nuclei ,
spinal nucleus of trigeminal n.
The transverse section of brain stem---midbrain
■ tectum of midbrain
includes superior and inferior
colliculi
■ Cerebral peduncle：
may be divided into 3 parts
● Tegmentum :
Ascending tracts:
medial lemniscus,
spinal lemniscus,
trigeminal lemniscus.
nuclei:
red nucleus, nucleus of oculomotor n.
and troclear n.
The transverse section of brain stem---midbrain
■ Cerebral peduncle
● Tegmentum
● Substentia nigra
● Crus cerebri :
frontopontine Tract ,
pyramidal tract,
tempo-occipito-pontine
tract
Lateral
corticospinal tract
Anterior
corticospinal trac
superior cerebellar
peduncle

its fibres arises from the
cerebellum, and
passes to the opposite
thalamus and the
opposite red nucleus
of the midbrain.