Windows Server 2003
硬碟管理與磁碟機陣列
林寶森
jeffl@ms11.hinet.net
What Is Disk Management?
• A snap-in located in Computer Management
• Use to view disk information and perform disk
management tasks on local and remote computers
• Enables you to perform most disk-related tasks without
shutting down the system or interrupting users
Using Disk Management
compmgmt - [Computer Management (Local)\Storage\Disk Management]
Action
View
Computer Management (Local)
Volume
System Tools
(C:)
Storage
Removable Storage
Disk Defragmenter
Logical Drives
Disk
DiskManagement
Management
Select
Server Applications and Services
disk
Layout
Partition
Type
Basic
Select
partition or
volume
Refresh
Rescan Disks
Restore Basic Disk Configuration…
Disk 0
Basic
3.02 GB
Online
New
All Tasks
View
Help
(C:)
1.37 GB NTFS
Healthy (System)
Open
Explore
Mark Partition Active
Change Drive Letter and Path…
Format…
Delete Partition…
Properties
Upgrade to Dynamic Disk…
Properties
Help
Help
Organizing a Basic Disk
C:
Primary
partitions
C:
D:
D:
E:
E:
F:
F:
G:
H:
Up to four
primary partitions
-OR-
Extended
partition with
logical drives
Up to three primary partitions
and one extended partition
with logical drives
Creating Partitions and Drives
Creating a partition
Creating a logical drive
Assigning Drive Letters
Disk 0
Assigned
C:
Primary
I:
Disk 1
F:
G:
H:
Logical
Disk 2
D:
Primary
Disk 3
E:
Primary
Changing a Drive Letter
What Is a Mounted Drive?
• Is assigned a path rather than a drive letter
• Can unify different file systems on a logical drive
• Allows you to add more drives without using up
drive letters
Creating a Mount Point
Before adding a mount point
After adding a mount point
Purpose of a Mounted Drive
• Adds volumes to systems without adding
separate drive letters for each new volume
– Disk Management assigns a drive path to the drive
rather than a drive letter
– Drive paths retain their association to the drive
– Add or rearrange storage devices without the drive path
failing
• Increases number of drives, not storage space
• Manages data storage based on working
environment and system usage
Deleting a Partition
Disk Storage Types
Basic Storage
Dynamic Storage
Simple volume
Striped volume
C:
D:
C:
-or-
D:
E:
E:
F:
F:
G:
H:
Primary
partitions
Spanned volume
RAID-5 volume
Extended
partition with
logical drives
Mirrored volume
Basic Disks vs. Dynamic Disks
Disk
Benefits
 Use
Basic disks
 Can
be divided into up to 4 primary partitions, or up
to 3 primary partitions and one extended partition
 Use
Dynamic disks
to create segregated space to organize data
 No
to create volumes that span multiple disks
limit on the number of volumes per disk
 Use
to create fault-tolerant disks that ensure data
integrity when hardware failures occur
Converting a Basic Disk to a Dynamic Disk
Disk Management
DiskPart
Results of Dynamic Disk Conversion
• Can convert a disk from basic to dynamic storage at
any time without losing data
• Dynamic disks are associated with Disk Groups
– Disk Groups help you organize dynamic disks
– Each disk in a Disk Group stores replicas of the same
configuration data
– Windows initializes the disk with a Disk Group identity and a copy
of the current Disk Group configuration
• Existing partitions on the basic disk become volumes
• Dynamic disks can be reverted back to basic disks
– Disk structure and data is not maintained
– Back up data before reverting
Creating a Volume
• A simple volume resides on a single
dynamic disk
• To create a spanned or striped volume, you
must have two or more dynamic disks
Creating Simple Volumes
Simple Volumes:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Contain Space on a Single Disk
Can Use NTFS, FAT, or FAT32
Can be created only on dynamic disks
Are Created with the Create Volume Wizard
Can Be Extended if Formatted as NTFS
Can Be Mirrored
Extending a Volume
• Created by extending
onto unallocated space
on the same disk or a
different disk
• You cannot extend a
volume that contains a
system or boot volume
Creating Spanned Volumes
Disk 1
Dynamic
4094 MB
Online
Disk 2
Dynamic
4094 MB
Online
New Volume (G)
100 MB NTFS
Healthy
New Volume (G)
100 MB NTFS
Healthy
3994 MB
Unallocated
Free space combined
into one logical volume
3994 MB
Unallocated
Data written to first
disk until full, then to
next disk in volume
RAID Systems
= Software Implementations of RAID
Supported by Windows Server 2003
RAID 0
RAID 1
RAID 2
RAID 3
RAID 4
RAID 5
Disk striping
Disk mirroring
Disk striping with error-correction code (ECC)
Disk striping with ECC stored as parity
Disk striping large blocks; parity stored on one drive
Disk striping with parity distributed across multiple drives
• Hardware Disk Array Supports
– RAID 0 + 1
– RAID 1 + 5
Creating Striped Volumes
Disk 1
Dynamic
4094 MB
Online
Disk 2
Dynamic
4094 MB
Online
New Volume (G)
100 MB NTFS
Healthy
New Volume (G)
100 MB NTFS
Healthy
3994 MB
Unallocated
Free space combined
into one logical volume
3994 MB
Unallocated
Data written across all
disks in 64-KB units
64 KB
64 KB
64 KB
How Striped Volume Works
Disk 1
Disk 2
Disk 3
RAID 1: Mirrored Volume
Disk 0
C:
D:
E:
Disk 1
Fault Tolerance
Driver
Ftdisk.sys
F:
D´ :
G:
Raid 5: Stripe Sets with Parity
Disk 1
Disk 2
Disk 3
Disk 4
Disk 5
Parity
Parity
Parity
Parity
Parity
Parity Parity Information
Raid 1 vs. Raid 5
Mirrored Volume
RAID-5 Volume

Supports FAT and NTFS

Supports FAT and NTFS

Can mirror system or boot partition

Cannot stripe system or boot partition

Requires two hard disks

Requires minimum of three hard disks

Has higher cost per megabyte
(50 percent utilization)

Has lower cost per megabyte


Has moderate write performance
Has excellent read performance

Requires more system memory

Supports up to 32 hard disks

Has good read and write performance

Uses less system memory
Recovering a Failed Mirrored Volume

Recover a disk identified
as Offline, Missing, or
Online (Errors)
Disk 1
Disk 2
D:
D':
Reactivate Disk

When Reactivate Disk fails
to recover the mirrored volume,
replace the failed disk
Disk 2
and reestablish the
mirrored volume
Remove Mirror
Disk 1
Disk 2
D:
D':
Add Mirror
Creating a Fault Tolerance Boot Disk
1 Format a disk using Windows Server
Boot
Disk
2
Boot
Disk
3
4
Copy the necessary files
Modify Boot.ini
Test the boot disk
Boot.ini
Boot
Disk
Understanding ARC Paths
multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(1)partition(2)
No BIOS
multi(0)
rdisk(0)
scsi(0)
rdisk(1)
disk(0)
partition(1)
partition(1)
partition(1)
partition(2)
partition(2)
Recovering a Failed RAID-5 Volume
Disk 1

Recover a disk
identified as
Offline, Missing, or
Online (Errors)
Disk 2
Disk 3
Parity
Parity
Parity
Parity
Parity
Parity
Reactivate Disk

When Reactivate Disk fails
to recover the RAID-5
volume, replace the
failed disk and
regenerate the RAID-5
volume
Replace Failed Disk
Disk 1
Disk 2
Disk 3
Parity
Parity
Parity
Parity
Parity
Parity
Regenerate Volume on New Disk
Managing Volumes on Disks
• Deleting Spanned Volume and Striped Volume
– Deleting a spanned volume or striped volume
deletes all of the data that the volume contains
– You can delete entire volume only
• Repairing and Deleting RAID-5 Volume
– Repairing a RAID-5 volume requires additional disk
with sufficient free space
– Deleting a RAID-5 volume deletes all data that the
volume contains
– You can delete entire RAID-5 volume only
Adding Disks
• Adding a New Disk
Disk 0
Basic
1908 MB
Online
CDRom 0
CDRom
Refresh
Rescan Disks
Restore Basic Disk Configuration…
New
All Tasks
View
Help
No Media
• Adding Disks from Other Computers
Import Foreign Disk
• Failed: Incomplete Volume and Failed Redundancy Mean
Disk is Missing from Volume
What Is a Foreign Disk?
• A dynamic disk when moved to a local computer
from another computer running:
– Windows 2000 Professional and Server family
– Windows XP Professional
– Windows Server 2003 family
• A disk moved within the same system,
in some cases
• A disk moved from a disk
group to another computer that
contains its own disk group can
be displayed as a foreign disk
Moving Dynamic Disks
Moving a disk
• When moving a dynamic disk, select import
foreign disk to update the dynamic database
on the newly added disk
• When moving multi-disk volumes, move all
disks in the volume at the same time