S1 Final Review
1. Define:
• Independent variable: ICHOP- independent change
on purpose (by scientist)
• Dependent variable: DRUM- dependent results you
measure
• Constants: factors that stay the same
• Control: group that does NOT get special treatment
(normal conditions)
12. What is a hypothesis?
Problem
How does increasing the amount of
fertilizer affect the height of
sunflower plants?
Why does a ball roll farther on a
smooth surface than it does on a
rough surface?
Independent Dependent
Variable
Variable
amount of
Height of
fertilizer
sunflower
plant
type of
Distance ball
surface
rolls
3. What variable goes on the Y-axis of a
graph? On the X-axis of a graph?
•Y = dependent (results you are measuring)
•X = independent (changed on purpose)
4. In an experiment testing how light color
(wavelength) effects plant growth, what would go
on the:
•Y = growth of plant
•X = light color (wavelength)
Ecology
1. What is ecology?
•scientific study of interactions among
organisms and their environment
2. Compare abiotic and biotic factors and give
3 examples of each.
•Abiotic = physical, or nonliving factor that
shapes an ecosystem
• Rocks, water, air
• Biotic: any living part of the environment
with which an organism might interact
•BIO = LIVING
•Trees, bacteria, animals
3. What is a niche? Why are niches
important to the stability of an ecosystem?
•A Niche is the ecological roles an organism
plays in the ecosystem
•Important because only one species can
occupy a specific niche in an ecosystem =
reduces competition and increases diversity
4. What are the roles of photosynthesis and
respiration in the carbon cycle?
•Photosynthesis =
takes out carbon
dioxide from the
atmosphere
•Respiration = releases
carbon dioxide into
the atmosphere
5. Identify the role of bacteria in the nitrogen cycle.
•Bacteria turns nitrogen into a form that is
usable by plants and animals
6. What needs to happen to atmospheric
nitrogen before it can be used by animals?
•Nitrogen needs to be fixated by bacteria, which
is taken up by plants– the plants are eaten by
animals
7. Identify the changes that occur during
ecological succession. Draw a picture!
8. What happens to the diversity of an
ecosystem during succession?
•Diversity increases (more species of plants
and animals) as succession progresses.
9. What is the role of decomposers in the
ecosystem?
• Breaks down dead organic matter and return nutrients
to the environment!
10. Describe the difference between a
heterotroph and autotroph
• Heterotroph = organism that obtains
food by consuming other living
things
• Autotroph =organism able to
capture energy from sunlight or
chemicals to produce its own food
from inorganic compounds
11. What is another name for:
•Autotroph = producer
•Heterotroph = consumer
12. Compare carnivores, herbivores and
omnivores and give an example of each
• Carnivores = Animal that consumes
the carcasses of other animals
• Ex: wolves
• Herbivores = organism that obtains
energy by eating only plants
• Ex: rabbits
•Omnivores = Organism that obtains
energy by eating plants and animals
• Ex: humans, bears
13. What is symbiosis?
Relationship in which 2 species live close together
14. Compare commensalism, mutualism and
parasitism and give an example of each.
•Commensalism: one
benefits, one
unharmed/unaffected
•Mutualism: both benefit
•Parasitism: one benefit, one
harmed
15. Distinguish between a food chain and a
food web and draw an example of each.
•Food chain= series of steps in an ecosystem
in which organisms transfer energy by
eating and being eaten
• Food web = network of complex interactions
formed by the feeding relationships among
the various organisms in an ecosystem
16. Explain what an energy pyramid is and how
much energy is passed through the stages
Shows the transfer of energy from one trophic
level to the next
Energy decreases as you move UP the pyramid—
energy gets used up in cellular processes by each
organism (10% of energy gets passed on to each
level)
Least Energy Available
Most Energy Available
17. Label where herbivores, omnivores/carnivores,
and producers are found on the energy pyramid.
4th level = carnivores
3rd level = omnivores/carnivores
2nd level = herbivores
1st level = producers
18. Place the following in the correct order:
•Cells
•Tissues
•Organs
•Organ systems
•Organism
Macromolecules and Enzymes
1. What are the four main organic compounds?
•Carbohydrates
•Lipids
•Proteins
•Nucleic acids
2. Match the macromolecule to the correct
roles/function in the human body:
• B. Carbohydrates = stored energy
•A. Proteins = enzymes, growth, hormones
•C. Lipids = stored energy, cell membrane
•D. Nucleic acids = stores hereditary material
3. What are the parts of a monomer of
nucleic acid?
•Nucleotide = Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate
group, single nitrogen base
4. Which of the four main organic compounds
is starch?
•CARBOHYDRATES make up starch (complex
sugar--polysaccharide)
5. Match the monomers with the correct
organic macromolecule:
• D. Carbohydrates = simple sugar
•B. Proteins = amino acids
•C. Lipids = glycerol and fatty acids
•A. Nucleic acid = nucleotides
6. Draw a monomer and a polymer.
7. What is a monosaccharide? List 2 examples.
•Monomer (building block) of a carbohydrate
•Simple sugar
•Example: glucose
8. What is the difference between organic
and inorganic?
• Organic = molecules
composed of carbon
and hydrogen atoms
• Inorganic =
molecules NOT
composed of carbon
and hydrogen atoms
9. What is the function of enzymes?
•Speeds up the rate of a reaction
•Decreases activation to required to begin
reaction
10. Describe the following properties of
water:
•Cohesion = water sticks to itself
•Adhesion = water sticks to other molecules
•Polarity = molecule with a positive and
negative end
•Universal solvent = dissolves solutes
because it is polar