How do we reunite and rebuild the
nation after war?
1865-1877
A. April 9, 1865 General Robert E.
Lee surrenders to General
Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox
Court House, Virginia.
B. Consequences of War:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Over 600k dead
War cost billions of dollars of
damage, especially in the South
Bitterness of the South towards
the North
The Federal government power
is strengthened and clearly
more powerful than the states.
Freed millions of African
Americans out of slavery
A. The war left the South in
ruin and they did not have
the manpower to rebuild.
1.
2.
3.
258k Confederates dead
Thousands more
amputated or sick leaving
them unable to work
Emancipation meant slave
labor was no longer an
option
B. The period of rebuilding
the South after the war is
known as Reconstruction
A. Lincoln’s 10% Plan
1.
2.
When 10% of the states voters 3.
from the 1860 election in each
state took an oath of loyalty to
the US, then that state would
be able to form a new
government and state
constitution (must ban slavery)
Lincoln would pardon or offer
amnesty to an Confederate
who was willing to swear
loyalty to the Union. (did not
include leadership from the
Confederacy)
By 1864, Arkansas,
Louisiana and Tennessee
had been readmitted to the
Union under Lincoln’s plan.
However, Congress refused
to seat any representatives
from any state that was
reconstructed under
Lincoln’s plan.
B. Radical Republican
Plan
1. Led by Thaddeus
Stevens, the
Republicans came
up with a new plan
that was “more
harsh.”
2. Goals:
a. Punish leaders of
the Confederacy
b. Republicans control
political power in
the South (15 new
House seats with
abolition of slavery)
c. African American
political equality
3. Freedman Bureau
a. Established within the
War Department in
March 1865 to help
former enslaved persons
b. Played an important role
in helping African
Americans obtain food,
clothing, and medical
services
c. Greatest success was
establishing schools and
providing aid for
universities for African
Americans (Atlanta U.,
Howard U., and Fisk U.)
a. President Lincoln was shot
in the back of the head
while attending a play at
Ford’s Theatre by actor
John Wilkes Booth on
April 14, 1865. He would
die the next day in the
Peterson House.
b. First Presidential
Assassination
c. John Wilkes Booth was
killed after a 12 day
manhunt in Virginia
d. The accomplices of Booth
were imprisoned or hung.
a.
Andrew Johnson (Democrat)
becomes President after
Lincoln’s death.
b. All Southerners who swore
an oath of loyalty were
given amnesty
c. High ranking confederates
had to apply for pardon
directly to the President
d. Only whites who swore
loyalty to the Union would
be allowed to vote
e. “White men alone must
manage the South.”
f. The 7 remaining states
quickly accepted Johnson’s
terms
A. Black Codes
1. Laws in the South that
limited the freedoms and
equality of African
Americans (varied from
state to state)
B. Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
1. “Ghosts of the
Confederate Army”
2. Started in Pulaski, TN in
1866
3. Hooded, white-robed
Klan members goal was
to terrorize African
Americans from voting
and exercising their
rights, and to combat any
“Northern Reformers”
C. The Republicans in
Congress passed the
Civil Rights Act of 1866
(Citizenship for A.A.
and restricted Black
Codes in States) and
voted to enlarge the
Freedman’s Bureau,
but Johnson vetoed
both. Both of Johnson’s
vetoes were overridden
by Congress.
A. 13th AmendmentAbolished Slavery in
the US.
B. 14th Amendmentgranted citizenship to
all those born in the US
and granted all equal
protection under the
law (nullify the Dred
Scott Decision)
C. 15th Amendment(1870)Right to vote for
African American
Males
A. Radical republicans are
looking for Johnson to
mess up.
B. Johnson fires Sec. of
War Edwin Stanton
C. Republicans decide to
impeach believing he
violated the Tenure of
Office Act
D. Johnson was found not
guilty by one vote!
A. Reconstruction Act of
1867
1
2
3
Any state that was
admitted back in the
union under the Lincoln
and Johnson plan was
not recognized.
South was divided into 5
military districts
Southern states had to
recognize African
Americans right to vote
and accept the 14th
Amendment to be
readmitted
A. Ulysses Grant wins the
election by 306,000
votes out of 6 million
total.
B. 500,000 African
Americans vote with 9
out of 10 voting
Republican.
C. African Americans
could help the
Republicans so they
pushed through the 15
the 15th Amendment
A. War had devastated
the South
economically
B. Farmers return to
destroyed farms
C. Property values
plummeted
D. Public works were
destroyed
E. Region’s population
and workforce was
devastated
F.
There were many parties
involved that wanted to
benefit from the rebuilding
of the South
1
2
3
Carpetbaggers-Northerners
that moved to the South to
make money
Scalawags-Southerners that
supported the Republican
Party
African Americans-16
African Americans were
elected to the US Congress
during Reconstruction (out
of 125 new members)
a.
Hiram Revels-1st African
American Senator
G. Sharecropping
1. Former slaves were not
given new land so
many continued to
work on the field
2. Landowners would
loan land to these head
of households and they
were required to pay
for tools and land used
by paying in crops.
3. “Economic slavery”
4. Included former slaves
and poor white families
A. Klan violence led to
Congress passing
Enforcement Acts in 1870
and 1871 allowing the
President to use troops
against the Klan.
B. Congress passed the
Amnesty Act in 1872
allowing 150,000 former
Confederates the right to
vote and hold federal and
state offices.
C. Congress allowed the
Freedman’s Bureau funding
to expire.
D. Southern Democrats would
begin to regain seats in
Congress.
A. Democrat Samuel Tilden vs.
Republican Rutherford B. Hayes
B. Tilden won the popular vote but
was one vote shy of an Electoral
victory
C. Vote went to the House for a
decision
D. Southern Democrats allowed
Hayes to become president if
troops were removed from the
South.
E. The removal of the troops marks
the end of Reconstruction.
F. No real progress in the battle
against discrimination other than
the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments
which were not enforced in the
South after 1877.