Chapter 17 The Transformation of the TransMississippi West, 1860 – 1900 ACT Standards • C: 1-a Evaluate the impact of new inventions and technologies of the late 19th Century. • C:1-G Identify and evaluate the influences on the development of the American West. • C:1-H Analyze significant events for Native Indian tribes, and their responses to those events, in the late 19th Century. Readings for Chapter 17 • You MUST read the entire chapter! • Watch: – Bonanza – Rifleman – Plains Indians and western shows Native Americans and the Trans-Mississippi West “The buffaloes and the black-tail deer are almost gone!” The Plains Indians • 3 Major Sub Regions – Northern Plains • Lakota, Flatheads, Blackfeet, Assiniboins, Northern Cheyenne, Arapahos, Crows, Sioux Central Region • 5 Civilized Tribes South Kansas, Colorado, eastern New Mexico and Texas • Commanches, Kiowas, Southern Arapahos, Kiowa Apaches Buffalo Bill Cody • Thousands of Bison killed to feed • railroad crews • Army commanders encourage killing of buffalo to undermine Indian resistance • Between 1872 and 1875 9 million buffalo were killed by hunters who wanted skins • 30 million bison when slaughter began Assault on Nomadic Indian Life • Reservations became common (8 by 1860) • • • • • Sand Creek, Colorado Colonel John M. Chivington Ely S. Parker, Commissioner of Indian Affairs Medicine Lodge Treaty, 1867 Fort Laramie Treaty, 1868 Map 17.1: Major IndianWhite Clashes in the West 8 Custer’s Last Stand Chief Red Cloud’s Oglala Sioux • Sitting Bull • 7th Cavalry (600 troops) • June 25, 1876 Little Big Horn River near Montana • January 1879 Dull Knife Little Big Horn (Bighorn) 7th Cavalry Elliott Custer Video “Saving” the Indians • Helen Hunt Jackson • 1881 A Century of Dishonor • Indian boarding schools • Dawes Severalty Act, 1887 Ghost Dance End of Resistance on the Great Plains, 1890 • Ghost Dance Movement • Chief Sitting Bull • Wounded Knee – 7th Cavalry – 340 starving Indians shot and killed – Indian Wars were over Map 17.2: Western Indian Reservations, 1890 Settling the West First Transcontinental Railroad • 1862 Pacific Railroad Act • May 10, 1869 – Union Pacific – Central Pacific – Promontory Point, Utah – Chinese – Irish – Mexican-Americans – Black Map of the 1st Transcontinental Settlers and the Railroad Map 17.3: Transcontinental Railroads and Federal Land Grants, 1850–1900 Homesteading on the Great Plains Map 17.4: The Settlement of the TransMississippi West, 1860– 1890 21 New Farms, New Markets Building a Society and Achieving Statehood Spread of Mormonism • Brigham Young • Edmunds-Tucker Act Southwestern Borderlands Exploiting the Western Landscape Map 17.5: The Mining and Cattle Frontiers, 1860–1890 Mining Frontier • Comstock Lode Cowboys and Cattle Frontier Cattle Towns and Prostitutes West of Life and Legend • American Adam • Dime Novels • Wild West Show Bonanza Farms Map 17.6: The Oklahoma Land Rush, 1889–1906 33 Oklahoma Land Rush, 1889 • Curtis Act • Sooners National Park Movement • John Wesley Powell • George Perkins Marsh • John Muir 36 Conclusion