• A) is movement of alleles from one population to another
• B) counts as true gene flow only if immigrant individuals breed within their new population
• C) makes populations more similar genetically
• D) decreases Fst
• E) all of the above

• 1: is when snakes drift from the mainland to an island
• 2: is random change in allele frequency
• 3: is potentially important in small populations
• 4: is important in large populations only if selection is extremely weak or non-existent
• A) all answers above are correct
• B) answers 1, 3, and 4 are correct
• C) answers 2, 3, and 4 are correct
• D) answers 2 and 3 are correct
• E) none of the answers above are correct

A) differ between plants and animals
• B) reflect chance events when small populations are started
• C) reflect selection among alternative alleles
• D) all of the above
• E) none of the above

4) If a new allele has a frequency of 1% in a population, and the mutation that caused that new allele is a synonymous mutation, then the odds that that allele goes to fixation are:
• A) 100%
• B) 5%
• C) 1%
• D) 85%
• E) 0%

5) What is the difference between population size (N) and effective population size (Ne)?
• A) just a subscript “e”, no real difference
• B) Ne is always less than or equal to N
• C) Ne reflects the total number of adults, not the number who breed, and not juveniles
• D) genetic variation in the next generation depends upon N not Ne
• E) heterozygosity decreases due to drift as a function of N not Ne

• A) increases the number (allele frequency) of deleterious recessive mutations
• B) decreases the expression of deleterious mutations
• C) increases heterozygosity
• D) increases homozygosity
• E) answers B and C are correct