Lab Management
(MLLM-401)
By
Dr. Hoda Zaki
Prof. Hospital Administration
Chair Department of Health Administration &Behavioral
Sciences
High Institute of Public Health
University of Alexandria
Prof.Dr.Hoda Zaki (MD PHD) Prof. Hospital
Administration
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Lecture
What is lab Management?
Prof.Dr.Hoda Zaki (MD PHD) Prof. Hospital
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Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)
By the end of this lecture the student will be able to :
1. Define the management.
2. Identify the different section of lab.
3. Know the importance organization in lab.
4. Identify the element of lab organization.
Prof.Dr.Hoda Zaki (MD PHD) Prof. Hospital
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Lecture content
•
•
•
•
•
What is Management?
Managerial Functions
Organizing Clinical Laboratory
Clinical Lab Departments
Clinical Laboratory Personnel
Prof.Dr.Hoda Zaki (MD PHD) Prof. Hospital
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Course Description
The Laboratory management courses address
basic issues in the areas of :
• Lab organizing & planning
• staff selection /Hiring of staff
• leadership
• Team development
• Communication
• Management of conflict
• Problem solving .
Prof.Dr.Hoda Zaki (MD PHD) Prof. Hospital
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Course Description
The practical exercises:
• Discussion group
• Role- play
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Overview
• Clinical Lab is :
– Lab that performs tests used to aid healthcare
professionals diagnose and treat patients
• Clinical Laboratories are a key component of
modern medical care.
• Along with Surgery and Imaging, they
generate the bulk of an Institution’s revenue.
• Labs are filled with expensive specialized
equipment.
Prof.Dr.Hoda Zaki (MD PHD) Prof. Hospital
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What is Management?
•
•
•
•
It is a science of / It is an art of:
Getting things done through people.
Achieving objectives through others
Achieving objectives of organization with
people .
• The effective use of resources to achieve the
goals of the organization.
Prof.Dr.Hoda Zaki (MD PHD) Prof. Hospital
Administration
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Cont.,
What is lab Management?
• Laboratory Management. It is, therefore,
“an on going process that seeks to efficient use of
resources achieve the objectives of a medical laboratory”.
The objectives of a medical laboratory are providing its
customers (physicians on behalf of patients) accurate
answers which help to clinical treatment”..
Prof.Dr.Hoda Zaki (MD PHD) Prof. Hospital
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Cont.,
What is lab Management?
The main objective of a medical laboratory is satisfy Lab
customers :
 Internal customers: lab employees
 External customers: patients, physicians, hospitals &
insurance companies
Prof.Dr.Hoda Zaki (MD PHD) Prof. Hospital
Administration
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Cont.,
What is lab Management?
Lab Human
resources &
Non-human
resources
Lab
Objectives
Prof.Dr.Hoda Zaki (MD PHD) Prof. Hospital
Administration
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Managerial Functions
• Organizing
• Staffing
• Planning
• Directing
• Controlling
• Decision -making
Prof.Dr.Hoda Zaki (MD PHD) Prof. Hospital
Administration
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Organizing Clinical Laboratory
• It means arrangement of human & non
human resources in such way that achieve
lab objective with maximum efficiency.
• It means dividing the activities of lab into
specialized work units & positions &
developing methods of coordination among
them to achieve lab objective with maximum
efficiency.
Prof.Dr.Hoda Zaki (MD PHD) Prof. Hospital
Administration
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Organizing Clinical Laboratory
Lab Department (Lab Sections):
• Lab divided into departments based on type
of samples being studied.
Lab personnel: job specialization& task lists
Organization chart
Organization of lab services:
1. Between hospital
2. Within the same
Prof.Dr.Hoda Zaki (MD PHD) Prof. Hospital
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Organizing Clinical Laboratory
Unity of command
Span of control
Equal authority & responsibility
Coordination
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Clinical Lab Departments
1- Specimen Processing
Receive, document & pre-process all samples
2- Chemistry
Measure pH, ion & gas concentrations in blood &
urine samples
3- Microbiology
– Identify infectious microorganisms
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More Clinical Lab Departments
4- Hematology
Measure blood component concentration and function
5- Virology
Identify & quantify viruses
6- Genetics
Identify genetic disorders
7- Pathology
– Collect, prepare and analyze tissue samples
Prof.Dr.Hoda Zaki (MD PHD) Prof. Hospital
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Lab Departments
• Specimen Collecting and Processing – includes
phlebotomy
Lab Departments
• Chemistry – body fluid components
Lab Departments
• Urinalysis
Lab Departments
• Microbiology – pathogenic microorganisms
Lab Departments
• Hematology – whole blood analysis and
coagulation
Lab Departments
• Blood Bank (Immunohematology) – transfusion
related testing
Lab Departments
• Serology (Immunology) – antibody studies
Clinical Laboratory Personnel
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Lab directors
Section supervisors
Medical technologists (MTs)
Medical laboratory technicians s (MLTs)
Phlebotomists & specimen processors
Clerks, medical secretaries &archivist
Laboratory information system (LIS) manager
Quality Audit personnel
Prof.Dr.Hoda Zaki (MD PHD) Prof. Hospital
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Lab Director
Qualification of lab director
• He/She must be a pathologist or a doctoral scientist .
• If a non-pathologist physician or doctoral scientist
appointed as director , he/she must be has to be
trained & has experience in areas of analytic testing
offered by the lab .
•
He/She must have sufficient training and experience
in clinical medicine , sciences basic to medicine ,
clinical lab sciences.
Prof.Dr.Hoda Zaki (MD PHD) Prof. Hospital
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Responsibilities of Lab Director
1- interpretation , correlation , and communication of lab
data
2- interaction with physicians and/or medical staff ,
patient , administration .
3- monitoring of standard of performance , QC , QI.
4- provision of education programs , planning , research.
Prof.Dr.Hoda Zaki (MD PHD) Prof. Hospital
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Responsibilities of Lab Director
5. ensuring sufficient personnel with adequate documented
training and experience to meet the needs of the lab .
6- he/she must be decision-maker in the selection of all lab
equipment and supplies .
• N.B.: If the lab director has delegated some
responsibilities to others , there must be documentation
of which individuals are authorized to act on his /her
behalf for specific activities .
Prof.Dr.Hoda Zaki (MD PHD) Prof. Hospital
Administration
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GENERAL SUPERVISOR
Qualification :
• Bachelor degree in chemical or clinical lab / medical
technology science with at least one year experience
Responsibilities:
• Is responsible for day-to-day supervision of the lab
operation , as well as personnel performing testing
and reporting test results .
Prof.Dr.Hoda Zaki (MD PHD) Prof. Hospital
Administration
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Medical technologists (MTs)
Qualification :
• Bachelor degree in medical technology
Responsibilities:
• Quality control
• Preventive maintenance
• Lab safety
Prof.Dr.Hoda Zaki (MD PHD) Prof. Hospital
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Medical laboratory technicians s
(MLTs)
Qualification :
• Responsibilities:
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Phlebotomists & specimen processors
Qualification :…………….
Responsibilities:
• procure blood specimens
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Clerks, medical secretaries & archivist
Qualification :…………….
Responsibilities:
•
•
•
•
Receive specimens
Register outpatients
Send specimen to reference lab
Sort patient report
Prof.Dr.Hoda Zaki (MD PHD) Prof. Hospital
Administration
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Laboratory information system (LIS)
manager
Qualification :……
Responsibilities:
• Implementation & maintenance of the LIS
• Management of all lab database
Prof.Dr.Hoda Zaki (MD PHD) Prof. Hospital
Administration
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Quality Audit Staff
Responsibilities
• Performs quality audits
– review all aspects of the facility and work
performed
• Reports findings to lab director.
Clinical Lab Personnel
• There must be an organizational chart for the lab .
• Personnel policies must be documented and available to all
employees
• The lab should have a complete , functional in-service continuing
clinical laboratory education program .
• Personnel records must be maintained on all current employees ,
the ideal location of personnel files in the lab .
Prof.Dr.Hoda Zaki (MD PHD) Prof. Hospital
Administration
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Clinical Lab Personnel
• Technical personnel records must include of all of the
following :
1- summary of training and experience .
2- description of duties .
3- records of continuing education .
4- health record .
5- incident records .
The lab must conduct an annual performance review of all
employees.
• New employees must be reviewed within 6 months of
employment .
Prof.Dr.Hoda Zaki (MD PHD) Prof. Hospital
Administration
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Clinical Lab Personnel
• Some elements of competency assessment of each
person :
1- Direct observation of routine patient test performance ,
including patient preparation , specimen handling ,
processing and testing ;
2- Monitoring the recording and reporting of test results ;
3- Review of intermediate test results or worksheet , QC
results records ; PT results ; and preventive maintenance .
Prof.Dr.Hoda Zaki (MD PHD) Prof. Hospital
Administration
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Clinical Lab Personnel
4- Direct observation of performance of instrument maintenance
and function checks ;
5- Assessment of test performance through testing previously
analyzed specimens , internal blind testing samples or external
PT samples .
6- Evaluation of problem solving skills .
Prof.Dr.Hoda Zaki (MD PHD) Prof. Hospital
Administration
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Organization of lab services
a)Shared versus stand alone services
b) in-house versus outsourcing
c) Satellite lab
Prof.Dr.Hoda Zaki (MD PHD) Prof. Hospital
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Organization of lab services
 Shared services means the provision of clinical
laboratory testing to several hospitals to save cost
without reducing the quality of services.
What are the advantages of shared services?
 Stand alone services: provide of clinical laboratory
testing to only one hospitals.
 What are the advantages & disadvantages of stand
alone services?
Prof.Dr.Hoda Zaki (MD PHD) Prof. Hospital
Administration
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Organization of lab services
 in-house lab services provide essential
services ( expensive to operate & assets are
under-utilized)
What are the advantages & disadvantages of in
house lab services?
Outsourcing lab services : select one or more
lab to provide the required investigation;
What are the criteria of outsourcing lab
selection?
Prof.Dr.Hoda Zaki (MD PHD) Prof. Hospital
Administration
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Organization of lab services
c) Satellite lab : Located close to an emergency unit
or other acute care units.
Offers a specialized list of lab tests.
What are the advantages of satellite lab?
Prof.Dr.Hoda Zaki (MD PHD) Prof. Hospital
Administration
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Assignment
• What are the organization Chart?
• Prepare a presentation shows three different
organization chart for labs.
Name of students:
• Aisha khadr Ahmed
• Sora Eftkhar
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Study Questions:
• What is Lab Management?
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Suggested readings:
• M. Harmening. Laboratory Management:
Principles and Processes Denise. 2nd ed.2008
Prof.Dr.Hoda Zaki (MD PHD) Prof. Hospital
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Thank
you
Prof.Dr.Hoda Zaki (MD PHD) Prof. Hospital
Administration
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