Chapter 4
Early People of Pennsylvania
I. Native American Tribes in Pennsylvania
Their Migration
1.
Historians think that Native American tribes
migrated from Asia during Ice Age.
a. Historian- People who make a living out of
studying and teaching history.
b. Heritage- deals with all the events of a family or
culture’s past generation.
c. Migrate- to move from one region or location to
another.
d. Archeologists- people who study the past by
digging up evidence, such as tools and pottery
from locations of past cultures.
A.
B. Eastern Woodland Nations in
Pennsylvania.
Iroquois League of Nations.
a. separated by language.
b. divisions: Cayuga, Mohawk,
Oneida, Onondaga, and Seneca.
2. Algonquin League of Nations.
a. Separated by language.
b. Divisions: Delaware( LenniLenape), Shawnee, Nanticoke.
1.
C. Native American Culture.
1.
a.
b.
1.
2.
Government
Clan- a group of Native American
family members who live in a small
village.
Council- a group of Native
American men selected to run a
clan.
Selected by women of the clan.
Council selects a chief.
a. Iroquois
- council’s job was to keep peace among
tribes
- Chief had to get agreement of council
before making a decision.
b. Algonquin
- Chief selected to settle disagreements
and lead the tribe into battle.
2. Rules of Men, Women, and Children
Men
1. Did the jobs that required greater
strength.
2. Built homes, cut down trees, made
weapons, hunted, fished, protected
the village, made canoes.
b. Women
1. Were well respected in their
communities.
a.
2. Master of houses, owned the house and
field, made pottery, cleaned meat and
fish, prepared two meals a day,
gathered firewood, retrieved water,
made clothing.
c. Children
1. Boys- taught to hunt, fish, and make
weapons.
2. Girls- Stayed with their mothers to learn
the jobs of women.
3. Food Provides
Hunters
Men hunted for animals such as
fox, raccoon, beaver, turkey and
squirrel.
Gatherers.
4. Clothing
- Women made skirts, shirts,
leggings, and moccasins from
deerskin.
a.
5. Shelter
Iroquois tribes built longhouses.
1.
Longhouses were built for many families.
2.
All relatives lived together (as many as 12
families)
b. Algonquin tribes built wigwams and sweathouses.
1.
Wigwams are houses made for one family.
three shapes: rounded, cone or rectangular.
2. Sweathouses were used to cure illness and clean
the body.
there was a separate house for men and
women.
heated rocks were placed in water.
a.
6. Economy
Bartering or trading.
1.
Barter means to trade one item for another.
2.
Native Americans bartered with European
settlers
b. Wampum- are strings of white shell beads made
from clam shells.
Used as a means of trading.
Iroquois tribes used the strings of beads to
record stories and events.
•
White Beads- symbol of peace
•
Black beads- symbol of sadness.
a.
7. Transportation
Canoes
b. Trails
1. Many present day roads and streets
follow Native American trails.
8. Religion.
a.
The Great spirit
b. Algonquin had a sacred relationship with
the environment.
1. Treated animals with respect.
c. Iroquois believed they connected the
Great Spirit through their dreams.
a.
II. Early European Settlements in
Pennsylvania.
The English began to settle along the
eastern shore of the Atlantic Ocean.
1. Jamestown, Virginia
2. Plymouth, Massachusetts
B. Dutch and French
1. Explored parts of land that is
Pennsylvania.
2. Explored the Delaware Bay.
3. Sailed north on the Delaware River.
A.
at first they missed the river that
empties into the Delaware River.
that river was the Schuylkill River,
Schuylkill means hidden river in Dutch.
C. Swedish
1. Started a colony near Wilmington,
Delaware.
a.
Colony is a location settled by people.
b. John Printz was sent to run the colony.
-
He moved the colony to Tinicum
Island.
2. This was the first permanent
settlement in Pennsylvania.
3. Permanent means to stay in one
location.
D. Spanish
1. Claimed land near Florida.
1.
E. Conflicts
A conflict- means to fight or to war
because of a disagreement.
2. Swedish tried to capture a Dutch fort.
a. Peter Stuyvesant, the governor of New
York gathered seven ships and 300
soldiers to attack the Swedish colony.
The Swedish surrendered.
Surrendered means to give up or be
defeated in a fight.
1.
3. The English attacked the Dutch.
a. With Dutch colonies at New York
and near Philadelphia the English
king became nervous. He gathered
troops and ships for an attack.
b. The Dutch surrendered without
firing a shot.
F. Customs and Names
Swedish
A. showed settlers how to build log cabins.
B. Introduced the first cows to
Pennsylvania land.
2. Dutch
A. Brought sleighs and ice skating.
B. Had front doors that opened in halves.
C. Introduced the custom of St. Nicholas,
who was known as Santa Claus.
D. Dutch names that we use today are
Schuylkill River, cookie, and waffle.
1.