Inovácia obsahu a metód vzdelávania prispôsobená potrebám
vedomostnej spoločnosti
HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY
VYPRACOVAL: Mgr.Lucia Findoráková máj 2015
„Moderné vzdelávanie pre vedomostnú spoločnosť/Projekt je spolufinancovaný zo zdrojov EÚ“
OBSAH
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The camera obscura
Joseph Nicéphore Niépce
View from the Window at Le Gras, c. 1826
Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre
Colour photography : James Clerk Maxwell
1883: the first photographic film in rolls
Henri Cartier-Bresson
The camera obscura
is one of the inventions that led to development of photography and the
camera. This name is understood as "darkened chamber or room"; (Latin =
camera for "vaulted chamber or room", obscura means "dark")
.
How does camera obscura work?
This device consists of a box or room with a hole in one side. Through this hole it
utilizes light from an external scene and projects an image of its surroundings on
a screen. Light strikes a mirror inside. This mirror reproduces light and rotates
image upside-down (180 degrees ).
Joseph Nicéphore Niépce
1765-1833
Since 1813, many artists
have been fascinated with
newly-invented art of
lithography.
Niepce was also interested
in this graphic technique,
but he was unable to draw.
He had begun his
experiments in 1816.
Important part of these
observations was varnish
and his light-sensitive
chemical composition.
C. Laguiche.
Joseph Nicéphore Niépce, ca 1795.
Ink and watercolor.
His observations of reactions of engravings,
copper plates, light-sensitive formulas and
camera obscura, popular at that time, lead to
the discovery of new medium, photography.
Niepce begun to use word „heliograph“,
which means drawing
with light.
In summer 1826, Niépce placed a polished
pewter plate coated with bitumen of Judea in
camera obscura and uncapped the lens. Camera
obscura was placed in front of the window of his
upper-story workroom at Niepces country house
at Le Gras in Burgundy, France ..
Nicéphore Niépce camera, 1820-1830 - Musée Nicéphore Niépce
Exposure lasted eight hours. Subsequently, Niépce removed pewter plate
and washed latent image with white petroleum and lavender oil. These
chemicals washed away parts of the bitumen that had not been hardened by
light during exposure. Due to this washing process latent image was visible.
Joseph Nicéphore Niépce
View from the Window at Le Gras, c. 1826
Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center
The University of Texas at Austin
Re-Discovery of the
World’s First Photograph.
Helmut and Alison
Gernsheim. “Re-Discovery of
the World’s First
Photograph.” The
Photographic Journal, May
1952.
Joseph Nicéphore Niépce
was decared to be the first
photographer much later, in
1952 by historian Helmut
Gernsheim.
Gernsheim donated the first
photograph to the University
of Texas at Austin in 1963
Louis-Jacques-Mandé
Daguerre 1787 - 1851
Physicist, a scene painter
for the opera, an inland
revenue officer
Invented the fist practical
process of photography,
called Daguerreotype
Successfully shortened the
exposure time from
around 8 hours to 20-30
minutes
He was interested in light
also before, in 1822 he
opened Diorama in Paris
Diorama was an exhibition
of pictorial views based on
various lightning effects
After Niepce's death in
1833, Daguerre
continued his
experiments.
He discovered that
exposing an iodized
silver plate in a camera
requires developing
latent image with
mercury fumes and
subsequently fixation
by a solution of
common salt.
Louis Daguerre, The Artist's Studio, 1837, daguerreotype
This discovery resulted in a lasting image, permanent
and light-resisting. Images were ready not in hours but
just in twenty to thirty minutes!
Louis Daguerre, Boulevard du Temple,1838,Paris
Earliest known photography of person.
Colour photography : James Clerk Maxwell
Maxwell‘s contribution to photography is based on the additive theory. According to
this theory, all colours of light can be mixed optically by combining in different
proportions of red, green, and blue (RGB), the three primary colours of the spectrum.
Mixing all three colours results to white hue. TV screens are also based on RGB
principle.
1861: the first colour photography
This photograph of a tartan ribbon might look ordinary but in
fact this was the first colour photography, successfully
developed in 1861 by James Clerk Maxwell, Scottish physicist.
(1831-1879)
1883: the first photographic film in rolls
Simplicity sells! Kodak Company with famous slogan "You press the
button, we do the rest" made photography available to everyone.
George Eastman (1854 – 1932), founder of the company, introduced
the first photographic film in rolls in 1883.
Kodak Brownie
Kodak Brownie ,the first commercial camera in the
market, was introduced in 1901 . This camera used
to be sold at an affordable price for middle-classes.
Henri Cartier-Bresson
French photographer Henri Cartier-Bresson is remembered for creating the "street
photography" style of photojournalism. He used to take pictures aroun the world.
His captured journalistic photos in London at the George VI coronation but
surprisingly none of those portrayed the King himself.
Online sources
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http://photography.tutsplus.com/articles/a-history-of-photography-part-1-the-beginning--photo-1908
http://marisanbg.com/en/colour-models/page/1510
http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/permanent/firstphotograph/niepce/images/niepce2_small.jpg
http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/permanent/firstphotograph/niepce/#top
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/becoming-modern/early-photography/a/early-photography-nipce-talbot-andmuybridge
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/View_from_the_Window_at_Le_Gras%2C_Joseph_Nic%C3
%A9phore_Ni%C3%A9pce%2C_uncompressed_UMN_source.png/800pxView_from_the_Window_at_Le_Gras%2C_Joseph_Nic%C3%A9phore_Ni%C3%A9pce%2C_uncompressed_UMN_source.png
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Nic%C3%A9phore_Ni%C3%A9pce_camera%2C_18201830_-_Mus%C3%A9e_Nic%C3%A9phore_Ni%C3%A9pce_-_DSC06024.JPG/800pxNic%C3%A9phore_Ni%C3%A9pce_camera%2C_1820-1830_-_Mus%C3%A9e_Nic%C3%A9phore_Ni%C3%A9pce__DSC06024.JPG
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/You_press_the_button,_we_do_the_rest_(Kodak).jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Louis_Daguerre_2.jpgň
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Boulevard_du_Temple_by_Daguerre.jpg/800pxBoulevard_du_Temple_by_Daguerre.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Daguerre_jemayall_1848.png
http://www.uh.edu/engines/pinholeprinciple.jpg
http://i1192.photobucket.com/albums/aa322/erickimphotography/HCB/henri_cartier_bresson-squares.jpg