____________________________________
7 Grade Social Studies
Canada, Mexico, & U.S. History from the Revolution to Reconstruction
th
Class 57—The Constitution
November 17, 2014
Focus: List two powers that only belong to the national government. List two powers that only belong to the states.
List two powers that are shared by both the states and national government.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Student Objectives:
1. I will demonstrate an understanding of why the Founding Fathers created a government that allowed for:
 Separation of Powers
 Federalism
 Checks and Balances
 An Electoral College
Homework:
-Read and outline Chapter 5, Section 4 pgs. 170-173 (due 11/18)
-Chapter 5 Test Wednesday 11/19
-Current Events due 11/24
-Preamble Quiz Monday 11/24
Handouts:
none
I. Democracy and Republic
A. Definitions
II. Checks and Balances
A. Legislative Branch
1. Congress
B. Judicial Branch
1. Supreme Court
C. Executive Branch
1. President
III. Electoral College
Key terms/ideas/ people/places:
Democracy
Republic
Bill
Legislative Branch
Executive Branch
Supreme Court
Judicial Branch
Bill
Electoral College
Federalism
By the end of class today, I will be able to answer the following:
Who has the power to veto a bill?
What is the job of the Supreme Court?
Why did the Founding Fathers create separation of powers?
How is the President chosen?
Notes
Class 57—The Constitution
November 17, 2014
Popular Sovereignty-political authority belongs to the people
Republic- government in which citizens rule themselves through elected representatives
Federalism-sharing of power between the central government and the states
Legislative Branch-Congress-proposing and passing bills (laws)
Executive Branch-President-makes sure the laws are carried out
Judicial Branch-Supreme Court-interpreting laws
Checks and Balances-keeps any branch from becoming too powerful
Electoral College-elects the President and Vice-President of the U.S.
Veto-President rejects a bill
Bill-law
Constitution Day-September 17, 1787
____________________________________
7 Grade Social Studies
Canada, Mexico, & U.S. History from the Revolution to Reconstruction
th
Class 58— Ratifying the Constitution
November 18, 2014
Focus: When is Constitution day? Pretend you are either James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, or John Jay. Write a
brief essay (8 sentences) that you will publish in the Federalist Papers defending the Constitution and why you feel it
should be ratified.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Student Objectives:
1. I will recognize the difference between the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists.
2. I will recognize some of my basic rights as outlined in the Bill of Rights.
3. I will demonstrate an understanding of the process to amend the Constitution.
Homework:
-Chapter 5 Test Wednesday 11/19
-Current Events due 11/24
-Preamble Quiz Monday 11/24
Handouts:
None
I. Ratification
A. Federalists
B. Anti-Federalists
II. Bill of Rights
III. Amending the Constitution
Key terms/ideas/ people/places:
Federalists
Anti-Federalists
Bill of Rights
By the end of class today, I will be able to answer the following:
Who wanted a Bill of Rights?
What did the Anti-Federalists fear?
How is the Constitution Amended?
How many total Amendments are there?
Amendments
Federalist Papers, Number 10
“The inference to which we are brought is, that the causes of faction cannot be removed; and the relief is only to be
sought in the means of controlling its effects….Extend the sphere, and you take in a greater variety of parties and
interests; you make it less probable that a majority of the whole will have a common motive to invade the rights of
other citizens; or if such a common motive exists, it will be more difficult for all who feel it to discover their own
strength, and to act in unison with each other. Besides other impediments, it may be remarked, that where there is a
consciousness of unjust or dishonourable purposes, communication is always checked by distrust, in proportion to the
number whose concurrences is necessary.”
-PUBLIUS (James Madison)
Federalist Papers, Number 51
In order to lay a due foundation for that separate and distinct exercise of the different powers of government, which to
a certain extent is admitted on all hands to be essential to the preservation of liberty, it is evident that each department
should have a will of its own; and consequently should be so constituted that the members of each should have as little
agency as possible in the appointment of the members of the others. Were this principle rigorously adhered to, it
would require that all the appointments for the supreme executive, legislative, and judiciary magistracies should be
drawn from the same fountain of authority, the people, through channels having no communication whatever with one
another.
-PUBLIUS (James Madison)
To the Citizens of the State of New-York
“But if, on the other hand, this form of government contains principles that will lead to the subversion of liberty—if it
lends to establish a despotism, or, what is worse, a tyrannic aristocracy; then, if you adopt it, this only remaining
assylum for liberty will be shut up, and posterity will execrate your memory….This government is to possess absolute
and uncontroulable power, legislative, executive, and judicial, with respect to every object to which it extend, for by
the last clause of the section 8th, article 1st, it is declared ‘that the Congress shall have the power to make all laws
which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by
this constitution, in the government of the United States; or in any department of office thereof.’”
-BRUTUS (?)
Notes
Class 58— Ratifying the Constitution
November 18, 2014
Federalists:
 Strong national government
 Wanted the Constitution to be ratified
 Authors of the Federalist Papers
o Essays supporting the Constitution
 Written by
 James Madison
 John Jay
 Alexander Hamilton
Anti-Federalists:
 Felt the new government would be too strong
 Wanted a Bill of Rights
 Favored more power to the states
Bill of Rights:
 First 10 Amendments
There are 27 Amendments
Amending the Constitution:
 2/3 in the House of Representatives
 2/3 in the Senate
 ¾ of the States
____________________________________
7 Grade Social Studies
Canada, Mexico, & U.S. History from the Revolution to Reconstruction
th
Class 59— Test
November 19, 2014
Homework:
-Current Events due 11/24
-Preamble Quiz Monday 11/24
-Read and outline Chapter 7, Section 1 pgs. 234-237 (due 11/20)
-Read and outline Chapter 7, Section 2 pgs. 238-242 (due 11/21)
-Read and outline Chapter 7, Section 3 pgs. 243-247-stop @ Whiskey Rebellion (due 12/2)
-Read and outline Chapter 7, Section 3, pgs 247-249-start @ Whiskey Rebellion (due 12/3)
-Read and outline Chapter 7, Section 4 pgs. 250-253 (due 12/4)
-Chapter 7 Test Friday 12/5
____________________________________
7 Grade Social Studies
Canada, Mexico, & U.S. History from the Revolution to Reconstruction
th
Class 60— Washington’s Inauguration
November 20, 2014
Focus: What is Republican Motherhood? How did it impact society?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Student Objectives:
1. I will recognize the importance of George Washington’s inauguration.
2. I will identify the members of the first cabinet.
3. I will analyze the idea of Republican motherhood.
Homework:
-Current Events due 11/24
-Preamble Quiz Monday 11/24
-Read and outline Chapter 7, Section 2 pgs. 238-242 (due 11/21)
-Read and outline Chapter 7, Section 3 pgs. 243-247-stop @ Whiskey Rebellion (due 12/2)
-Read and outline Chapter 7, Section 3, pgs 247-249-start @ Whiskey Rebellion (due 12/4)
-Read and outline Chapter 7, Section 4 pgs. 250-253 (due 12/4)
-Chapter 7 Test Friday 12/5
Handouts:
None
I. Washington’s Inauguration
B. “So help me God.”
II. Washington’s Cabinet
Key terms/ideas/ people/places:
New York City
April 30, 1789
Thomas Jefferson
Alexander Hamilton
Republican Motherhood
Robert R. Livingston
“So help me God.”
Henry Knox
Samuel Osgood
Edmund Randolph
By the end of class today, I will be able to answer the following:
What phrase did George Washington utter at his inauguration that has become a precedent that Presidents still follow
today?
Who was the first Secretary of State? Treasury? War? Postmaster General? Attorney General?
When was Washington’s inauguration?
Where was Washington’s inauguration?
Why did Washington pick his cabinet from several different states?
Notes
Class 60— Washington’s Inauguration
November 20, 2014
Washington’s Inauguration:
 April 30, 1789 in NYC
 The address follows the outline of the Constitution. But Washingtonadds his own touch. He will say “So help
me God” and then kiss the bible. Till this day every President that is inaugurated utters these closing words.
Thus, Washington established one of his many precedents.
The first five cabinet positions:
 Secretary of the Treasury-Alexander Hamilton-NY
 Secretary of State-Thomas Jefferson-VA
 Department of war-Henry Knox-MA-profane, outspoken, artilleryman, 300 lbs and missing 2 fingers from a
hunting accident, with Washington at Trenton/Princeton
 Attorney General-Edmund Randolph-VA-second cousin of Jefferson
 Postmaster general-Samuel Osgood-MA
John Adams was Washington’s VP
____________________________________
7 Grade Social Studies
Canada, Mexico, & U.S. History from the Revolution to Reconstruction
th
Class 61— Economic Issues and Party Formation
November 21, 2014
Focus: Alexander Hamilton’s plan for strengthening the U.S. economy received criticism from the south. List and
describe two things about Hamilton’s plan that upset the south.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Student Objectives:
1. I will identify the economic problems facing the nation under the Constitution.
2. I will describe the compromise between Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison over the issue
of assumption.
3. I will recognize that the political philosophies of Hamilton and Jefferson during “the Age of Passion” led to the
creation of two new political parties:
 Federalists
 Republicans
Homework:
-Current Events due 11/24
-Preamble Quiz Monday 11/24
-Read and outline Chapter 7, Section 3 pgs. 243-247-stop @ Whiskey Rebellion (due 12/2)
-Read and outline Chapter 7, Section 3, pgs 247-249-start @ Whiskey Rebellion (due 12/4)
-Read and outline Chapter 7, Section 4 pgs. 250-253 (due 12/4)
-Chapter 7 Test Friday 12/5
Handouts:
None
I. Hamilton’s Plan
A. Assumption
B. Compromise
1. Residency Question
II. Political Parties
A. Jefferson vs. Hamilton
1. Democratic Republicans vs. Federalists
Key terms/ideas/ people/places:
Assumption
James Madison
Washington, D.C.
Potomac River
Alexander Hamilton
Thomas Jefferson
Federalists
Democratic-Republicans
By the end of class today, I will be able to answer the following:
What is assumption?
How did Madison, Hamilton, and Jefferson Compromise?
List two differences between Federalists and Democratic-Republicans.
Why did Madison not think assumption was about money?
Notes
Class 61— Economic Issues and Party Formation
November 21, 2014
Hamilton’s Plan:
 Fund the debt-buy back bonds at full value
 Assume states’ debts (assumption)
Madison/Jefferson and Hamilton Compromise:
 Madison/Jefferson support assumption
 Madison viewed assumption as not being about money but about control, trust, and independence
 Hamilton supports the capital in the south-becomes Washington, D.C.
 Who gets the better end of the deal?
o Hamilton in the short run appears to win, but Madison and Jefferson do win out in the long run as they
fear powerful government. DC in the middle of nowhere-nothing gets done. Nobody wants to go there
to work
Political parties and their philosophies: Each side sincerely saw the other as traitors to the core principles of the
American Revolution
Leader
Economic view
Government Power
Constitution View
Foreign Policy
Supporters
Bank
Newspapers
Federalists
Democratic-Republicans
Alexander Hamilton
Thomas Jefferson
Manufacture/Urban
Farming/Rural
Strong Federal Gov’t
Small nat’l gov’t
Loose interpretation
Strict interpretation
Alliance w/Britain
Alliance w/France
Merchants/Manufacturers Small farmers/wealthy
planters/craftworkers
Pro-Bank
Anti-Bank
The Gazette of the U.S.National Gazette-Philip
John Fenno
Freneau
Party affiliations according to Jefferson
 Federalists
o Fomer loyalists, American merchants trading with England, stock speculators and banking officials,
federal employees and other office seekers
 Republicans
o Entire body of the landholders throughout the U.S. as well as the body of labourers not being
landholders
 Republicans outnumber Federalists roughly 500-1