The Rise of Political Parties Notes
Hamilton vs. Jefferson
Alexander Hamilton
• He was born out of wedlock in the British_____________
_______________________.
• _______________________________________ at an early age
• Benefactors provided him with money to study in New York at
______________ __________________ aka Columbia University
• Served as ______________________________ aide de camp during the
Revolutionary War
• Drafted _________ _____________________________
_______________with James Madison and John Jay
• First Secretary of the __________________________
Thomas Jefferson
• He was born to wealthy parents in __________________________.
• Jefferson had a relatively __________________________ upbringing.
• Studied at ____________________& ______________________ College
• Served in the ______________________ ______ ________________ & the
Continental Congress
• Drafted the _____________________ _____ ________________________
• American ___________________________ Father
• Served as Ambassador to ___________________ during the late
__________s
• First Secretary of __________________________
• _____________________ President of the United States
Federalist Papers
• Series of ______________ essays or articles promoting the
________________________ of the United States Constitution
• Written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay.
• The authors of The Federalist Papers wanted both
to______________________ the vote in favor of ratification and to
__________________ future interpretations of the Constitution.
• Another purpose that The Federalist was supposed to serve was as a
____________ _______________________ during the ratification
controversy, and indeed advocates for the Constitution in the conventions
in New York and Virginia used the essays for precisely that purpose.
• The Federalist Papers are known for their opposition of The____________
____ __________________________.
• After initialing writing the Federalist Papers, _____________
__________________later aligned himself with Thomas Jefferson as an
_______________-________________________.
Philosophical Differences
Alexander Hamilton
• Hamilton ____________________ the masses, favored government by selfmade men (elites)
• Believed that Americans would become an ____________________/
_______________________________________ power
• Supported strong _____________________________ government to
preserve order and secure liberties
• Argued for “___________________” interpretation of the Constitution to
give the central government power to deal with challenges
Thomas Jefferson
• Jefferson placed confidence in the “_______________ _________” (to an
extent)
• Believed that America should be an ________________republic of
“virtuous citizen farmers”
• Distrusted ___________________________ government-favored state
rights and individual liberties
• Argued for “________________” interpretation of the Constitution to limit
national power and preserve liberty
Economic Differences
Alexander Hamilton
• Hamilton’s ________________________ ____________ aimed to put the
country on a strong economic footing
1. Funding of national _____________ and
___________________ of the state debts
2. _______________ and _________________ taxes to provide
national revenue and to protect “infant” industries
3. ____________________ ____________ to provide a source of
credit and a safe place for federal deposits
The Compromise of 1790
• Congress _________________ to pass Hamilton’s assumption plan because
of opposition by James Madison and other southerners
• Jefferson_________________ Hamilton and Madison to dinner at his
townhouse in New York City to work out a ____________________
• Madison would _______________ the assumption in _________________
for Hamilton’s pledge to support the choice of the Potomac as the site for
the nations permanent capital.
• Once an _____________ to Hamilton in the ratification debate, Madison
distrusted his views on _______________________ powers.
Foreign Policy
Alexander Hamilton
• Hamiltonian federalist distrusted the ________________ of the French
Revolution and sought to ___________________ the British system of
strong banks and commerce
• Washington ________________ formal neutrality in 1793 to avoid
involvement in European crisis
• Supported the ___________ ________________ in 1794 which made
concessions to Britain on trade issues but also avoided war
Thomas Jefferson
• Jeffersonian republicans _________________ the French Revolution and
argued that Americans should remain ______________ to their ally
• Jefferson officially supported ___________________but was attacked for
his continued support of revolutionary France, he resigned from George
Washington’s ___________________ in 1793
• Republicans criticized the Jay Treaty as a “_____ _________” to the British
Use of National Power: The Whiskey Rebellion
• Western Pennsylvania farmers ______________ against the high
_____________ tax on whiskey in 1794
• Washington responded by calling out the ________________ to put down
the rebellion
• Federalist argued that National power must be _______________ to
demonstrate the new country’s _________________ and to make the point
that challenges to government policy must be peaceful
• Washington led _________________ militia into Western Pennsylvania, the
only time that a sitting President has led his troops into action
Washington’s Farewell Address
• Washington ______________ against both factionalism and “___________
___________________________” in his last published addressed as
President in 1796
• He was especially concerned with the emerging ___________ between the
Federalists led by Hamilton and Adams and the Republicans led by
Jefferson and Madison would split the country apart along
___________________________ lines
• The election of 1796 was the first two party ______________________ in
US history; John Adams won but Jefferson became Vice President.
Quasi War and Alien & Sedition Acts
• By ___________, the French had intercepted American vessels __________
to trade with Britain
• “___________ ______________”- American officials sent to negotiate
with the French were expected to pay a bribe
• American ______________ led to an undeclared ______________ war with
France (the Quasi War)
• The Federalist _______________Congress cracked down on dissent with
the Alien & Sedition Act.
 Alien Act – Aimed at non-citizens. Lengthened the time from 5
to 14 years that it took for an ___________________ to
become a citizen and have a right to vote since most
immigrants voted Republican. It also allowed the President to
jail or ______________ aliens that the administration thought
were causing trouble.
 Sedition Act – Made encouraging ________________ against
the government a ______________ including printing, writing,
or speech making
States’ Rights & The Election of 1800
• Jefferson and the Republicans __________________ with charges that the
Federalist were ______________ liberties under the First Amendment
• Madison and Jefferson drafted the ______________________ and
_____________________ Resolutions which argued that the States’ had
the power of both interposition and nullification (the heart of States’ Rights
Doctrine) to defend the rights of the people.
• Republicans used the ______________ to help win the election of
___________which was the first peaceful transfer of power between
political parties in American History