Unit 4
The Executive Branch
Ch 13 – The Presidency
Ch 14 – The Presidency in Action
Ch 15 – Gov.’t at Work: The Bureaucracy
Ch 16 – Financing Gov.’t
Ch 17 – Foreign Policy and National Defense
Ch 13 – The Presidency
• The 8 _______
of the president
Chief Citizen:
representative of
the people + expected
to work for ______
__________
Chief of Party:
leader of his
________________
Chief Legislator:
main architect of
the nation’s
______________
Chief Executive:
has the power of
the __________
branch
The
President
Commander
in Chief:
head of the nation’s
______________
Chief of State:
ceremonial head
of the ________
Chief
Administrator:
directs the
________ gov.’t
Chief Diplomat:
main architect of
_______________ +
spokesman to
other ________
• ___________
for the
president
• To run for President, the
_____________ requires that the
person:
1. Must be a _____________
__________ of the US.
2. Must be at least __ yrs old.
3. Must be a ________ of the
US for at least ____ yrs.
• The president’s • The president is elected to a _____
term
term.
• Originally there were ___________
on the presidency, but a 2 term
___________ became established.
• Pres. ________________ was the
only one to serve more than 2
terms. He was elected to 4 terms
– but _______ w/in months of the
beginning of his 4th term.
• The _______________ officially
limited the president to 2 terms (or
up to 10 yrs. if he becomes
president by _____________).
• ____________ • Congress sets the president’s pay for the
it is currently $__________ per yr.
president
• It cannot be increased in the
middle of the _____________.
• $50,000 _________________ per yr
to be spent any way the president
chooses
• Resides in the White House + the
______________ retreat
• Large __________
• Use of a fleet of automobiles, _____
_________ (as well as other planes
+ helicopters)
• _______________
• Other fringe benefits
End Section 1
• Presidential
succession
Who’s next in line to be president?
*1. _____________________
*2. _______________________
*3. ______________________________
*4. ________________________
5. Secretary of the Treasury
6. Secretary of Defense
7. Attorney General
8. Secretary of the Interior
9. Secretary of Agriculture
10. Secretary of Commerce
11. Secretary of Labor
12. Secretary of Health & Human Services
13. Sec. of Housing & Urban Development
14. Secretary of Transportation
15. Secretary of Energy
16. Secretary of Education
17. Secretary of Veterans Affairs
18. Secretary of Homeland Security
• Presidential •
_________
•
•
What if the president is _______________ his
duties?
Based on the ________________ (which also
set up the presidential ___________), the v.p.
can become acting president if:
A. The president __________________ in
writing, that he is unable to perform his
duties as president, or
B. The v.p. + a ____________________
inform Congress in writing that the
president is unable to perform his duties
The president resumes his duties once he
informs Congress that he is ______________
_______.
• If challenged by the v.p. + cabinet,
Congress has _________ to decide the
matter.
• The ______ • Presidential candidates don’t chose their
__________ ____________ based on their potential _____
to be president, but rather on their ability to
balance the ticket (strengthen the candidate’s
chance of being ________ by virtue of certain
ideological, _________, racial, ethnic, gender,
or other _______________).
• The Constitution only assigns 2 duties to the
v.p.:
1. To preside over the ___________.
2. To help decide the question of
presidential __________.
• The position of v.p. has been treated as a
_____ until recently as v.p.s have been given
____________________.
• The v.p. is the only person in the __________
branch that the president cannot ________.
• ___ v.p.s have become president – 8 after the
president’s death + 1 after Nixon’s
________________.
End Section 2
• The origins of
presidential
__________
• The framers wanted to avoid the 2
obvious methods for choosing a
president:
1. ___________ – believed that the
people were scattered over too
large an area + wouldn’t be able
to make _________________.
2. __________________ – believed
that would give the Congress too
much _______ over the president
(especially if the president wanted
to be ____________).
• Instead they came up w/ the electoral
college (the group of people, known as
electors, chosen from each state + D.C.
to ____________ the president + v.p.).
• The electoral • Each state would have as many
__________ presidential electors as it has _______
+ _______________ in Congress.
____________________________________________
• These electors would be chosen in the
states, in whatever manner the states’
_____________ decided.
• The electors cast a vote for the
_______ + a separate vote for the ___
• The person receiving a majority of
_______________ would become
president (+ same for the v.p.).
• If there was a _____ or no presidential
candidate received a _________, The
________________________ would
decide, voting by ______.
End Section 3
• Choosing a • ___________ (along w/ D.C. + Puerto Rico)
have presidential primaries – elections in which a
candidate major party’s voters:
primaries
1. choose ______________ of a state party
organization’s __________ to their party’s
national convention +/or
2. express a ___________ among various
contenders for their party’s presidential
nomination.
• Primaries _______________ from state to state.
• Most states prefer to have _______ dates (*NH
passed a law to ensure that it always has the __
primary). B/c most of the primaries are held
early in the year, __________________ + $ are
especially important.
• Primaries play the major part in deciding the
presidential nominating contests in both parties –
especially the party _____________. As for the
party in power, the president is often seeking reelection or _______________. Either way, that
person usually receives his party’s __________.
• Choosing a
• __________ have caucuses or
____________ –
conventions to choose their
caucus-conventions
candidates for the major parties
• Begins at the ____________, by
nominating local officials +
choosing delegates to the ______
elections. At the county level, they
nominate county officials + choose
delegates to the ______ elections.
At the state level, they nominate
state officials + chose delegates to
the _______ level. At the national
level they nominate their party’s
candidate for _________ + _____
____________.
• Choosing a
• National conventions are the meetings at
_________ –
which delegates of each _______ vote to
the national
pick their presidential + v.p. candidates.
convention
• Lasts 4 days + serves 3 major purposes:
1. Naming the party’s presidential
+ v.p. _____________.
2. Bringing the various factions +
the leading personalities in
the party together in one place for a
__________________.
3. Adopting the party’s platform (a
__________________ of basic
principles, stands on __________
matters, + objectives for the
campaign + beyond).
End Section 4
Election Process
January
(even) 2008
Feb.
Everyone joins in
to be president
Caucuses
May
June
July
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Official Campaign
March
April
Primaries and
Fewer candidates
General Election
(Tuesday following
1st Monday)
January
(odd) 2009
20th:
Inauguration
Aug
National
Conventions
Dec.
Electoral College
Votes
(Monday following
2nd Wednesday)
• Electing a
• Remember, voters do not technically vote
____________
for a president + v.p., but for _______. The
founding fathers intended the electors to use
their ____________ in casting their electoral
votes, but in reality, they almost always vote
for their ___________________.
• In 48 states, the electors are chosen ______
– so if a ______________ of voters vote
Republican, all of the states electoral votes
go to the Republican party – same w/
Democrats.
• In ________ + __________ each party gets
electors based on the ____________ of the
votes the parties received in the popular
vote.
• To win, a candidate must received ____ out
of 538 electoral votes.
The Electoral College
The oath to be taken by the president on first entering office is
specified in Article II, Section 1, of the Constitution:
I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will
faithfully execute the office of President of the
United States, and will to the best of my ability,
preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution
of the United States.
• _______ in the 1. The winner of the ______________ doesn’t
____________
always win. This has happened 4 times:
•
•
•
•
1824: _______________ received over 38,000 votes than John
Quincy Adams, the son of former President John Adams, but
neither candidate won a majority of the electoral college.
Adams was awarded the presidency when the election was
thrown to the House of Representatives.
1876: _________________ received over 250,000 more votes
than Republican Rutherford B. Hayes but lost the electoral
vote by 1!
1888: Republican Benjamin Harrison lost the popular vote by
95,713 votes to President ___________________, but won the
electoral vote by 65.
In 2000, ___________ received 50,992,335 votes nationwide +
George W. Bush received 50,455,156 votes. After Bush was
awarded the state of Florida, he had a total of 271 electoral
votes.
2. Electors are ___________ to vote in accord
w/ the popular vote.
• _________ electors have not voted for their party + 1
time an elector ________ to vote. So far, this has not
altered the outcome of an election.
3. Any election might be decided in the _____
__________________. This has happened
twice:
• 1800 (_________________ over J. Adams)
• 1824 (_________________ over H. Clay + A. Jackson)
» “Corrupt Bargain”
End Section 5
Ch 14 – The Presidency in Action
• _______ of • Reasons for the increased power of the
presidential presidency:
________
• ________ (only 1 president, but 535
members of __________)
• _________
• __________ crises/national
___________
• Advances in ______________,
transportation, + communication
• The people’s demand for more
________
• ________ passed by Congress
• General agreement among the
people (consensus) End Section 1
• The president’s • Executing ______________ (enforces,
________ powers administers, carries out)
• This requirement includes laws the president
may ________. However, the president has the
power to interpret those laws + decide how
strictly to enforce those laws.
• Issuing executive orders (a directive, rule,
or regulation that has the ____________).
His _____________ also have that power.
• Ex. FDR ordered ____________ during WWII
Carter created _________
• Making ______________
• Includes ambassadors; ___________________;
federal judges, lawyers, + marshals; heads of
independent ___________ (like Peace Corps); +
officers in the armed forces – MUST BE
______________________________________.
• _____________ appointees
• The president may remove from office anyone he
has appointed except for the v.p. + all federal
__________.
End Section 2
• The president’s • Makes __________
• MUST BE APPROVED BY A _________________
___________ +
MAJORITY.
______ powers
• Congress may repeal a treaty by passing a law
contrary to a provision in a treaty +/or repeal an
existing law by the terms of a treaty.
• Makes executive agreements (a pact b/w
the president + the head of another _____).
• Ex. Agreements for military bases + equipment
• Recognizes the ______________ of foreign
countries + their gov.’ts.
• Usually done through the exchange of
_______________.
• US recently recognized South Sudan when it split
from Sudan in 2011.
• _____________________
• Technically, _______ must declare war. However,
there are very few limits on the president’s ______
powers.
End Section 3
• Makes legislative ___________________
• The president’s
• Does this several times a year. The State of the
____________ +
Union address is occurs in January, during which
________ powers
the president addresses Congress + reports on the
state of the nation – its domestic + foreign _______
– as well as laying out the policies his
administration will __________.
• May _______ laws
• Can be __________ by a 2/3 Congressional vote rarely happens
• Can call ____________________ of Congress
• Rarely necessary
• Can grant a reprieve – the _____________ of
the execution of a sentence, a commutation the ________ of a penalty w/o forgiveness for
the crime (person is still considered _____), or
a pardon – the legal _________ of a crime.
•
•
•
•
Except in cases of _______________.
Only in regards to _________ crimes, not state.
Can set ___________ on receiving a pardon.
Can also grant amnesty (____________ to a group
of violators).
End Section 4
Ch 15 – Gov.’t at Work: The
Bureaucracy
• The bureaucracy • A large, complex administrative structure that
handles the ________________ of an organization.
• Can be public or private.
• Public bureaucrats (people who work in a
bureaucracy) are ________, not elected.
• Red tape refers to ______ + _________ people may
face when working w/ a bureaucracy.
• There are 3 features of bureaucracies:
1. ______________ authority
2. Job ______________
3. Formalized _______
• Although often viewed ________, bureaucracies are
effective ways for people to work together on large +
____________ b/c of reduced conflicts over who’s
in charge, efficiency since everyone has a specific
task to work on, + ________ b/c decisions are
based on rules.
• The federal bureaucracy is all of the
________, people, + ___________
through which the federal gov.’t
operates.
• It is the _______ bureaucracy in
the country.
• It is the means by which the
gov.’t makes + administers
____________.
• All _________ of the gov.’t have
bureaucracy, but the _________
branch has the largest by far.
End Section 1
• The Executive
• A complex organization of several
Office of the
separate agencies staffed by most of the
President (EOP)
President’s ______________ + assistants.
• It is the president’s _____________.
• Includes (but not limited to):
• The ________________ (includes
the chief of staff; press secretary; legal
advisor; the president’s physician; the
staff of the 1st lady; assistants in the
economy, foreign policy, congressional
relations, etc)
• The _______________________
• The Office of Management +
______ (helps the president prepare a
federal budget for the president to
submit to Congress each year)
• Other agencies for the economy,
__________, technology, drug
control, the v.p., etc…
End Section 2
• The _________ • The 15 executive or cabinet departments each
departments
administer some __________ of activity.
• The 1st Congress created ____________
(______, Treasury, + _____). Over time,
new departments have been ________,
expanded, + sometimes __________.
• Each department is headed by a _________,
except for the Department of _______ which is
headed by the ______________. They:
- make up the president’s _________
- __________ the president.
- __________ their departments w/ the
White House, Congress, + the ______.
- are appointed by the president +
confirmed by the ___________.
• Most of each department’s work is done
_________________
End Section 3
• Independent
agencies
• Additional agencies created by Congress
located outside of the ______ (in all 3 branches
of gov.’t)
• Over 150 (ex. p.417) including: The _______
_________ Administration, NASA, EPA, Peace
Corps, the ______, the FCC, US Postal Service,
etc
• Why aren’t they cabinets? Different reasons
include:
• They do not fit well w/in any ___________
• To protect them from the __________
_________
• ___________
• They handle especially _______ functions
(ex. investigative commissions)
• It is NOT because of ___ or ______ – The
Social Security Administration is larger
than all of the ________ except for the
Health + Human Services department.
End Section 3
• Types of
• 3 main types:
____________
1. Independent _______ agencies - (makes
agencies
up _______ of the independent agencies)
• Very diverse - includes ________
_______, NASA, EPA, The Civil
Rights Commission, The Federal
__________ Commission, etc.
2. Independent __________ commissions –
• Only 10 (p. 432) – includes the
_______, SEC, _______, etc.
• Regulate or police important
aspects of the nation’s _________.
• Make rules + regulations that have
the __________ – acts on behalf of
Congress.
3. Gov.’t Corporations –
• Over 50 - includes the US _______
________, the FDIC, the TVA, etc.
End Section 4
• The civil
service
• _______ employees not appointed by the president
who perform the _____________ work of the gov.’t.
• Broad __________ from security guards to doctors.
• All jobs have set __________ + people must pass a
____ to get these jobs w/ the highest _____ getting
the jobs 1st.
• Appointments are not based upon the current
____________________________.
End Section 5
Ch 16 – Financing Gov.’t
• The power
to _____
• The federal gov.’t collects a couple of __________ in
taxes every _______.
• The power to tax is the ________ given to Congress
in the Constitution. However there are some
_____________:
1. Taxes must be raised for ____________ only
- not private interests.
2. May NOT tax _________ from the US
• but may place restrictions on what may be
___________
• may tax _________
3. Direct taxes (income) must be evenly
distributed among the __________
4. Indirect taxes (all besides income) must be at
the __________ throughout the states.
5. Cannot tax state + local _____________
functions.
• The ______ tax
• Started in 1913 w/ the ______
_____________.
• ______________ of federal
revenue today.
• It is a progressive tax (adapted
to the ______________ to pay
– p. 449).
• Levied on both individuals +
______________.
• Tax returns (declaration of
income + exemptions claimed)
are due on ____________.
• Other ____
• Payroll taxes – taxes that come out
workers’ ___________ (self-employed are
taxed for this as well).
• For _____________, unemployment,
old-age, _________, etc.
• These are regressive taxes – taxes
levied at a flat rate w/o regard for the
___________________ to pay them.
• Excise taxes – taxes charged to the
_____________.
• Estate taxes – taxes charged on the
assets of one who ___ (but only after $1.5
mil).
• Gift taxes – taxes on gifts from one person
to another over $__________.
• Customs Duties (tariffs) – taxes on
_________.
• Why does
Congress ___?
• Mainly to raise $ to operate the
________________.
• To __________ against an activity
that Congress thinks is _______
+/or ___________ to the public.
- alcohol, tobacco, etc.
• To regulate things by _________
- hunting, certain
firearms, prospecting
on public lands, etc.
End Section 1
• __________ • The federal gov.’t makes $ for sources
revenues
other than ________, such as:
• _______________ from the FED
• Collectors’ _________
• Profit from ______________
• Selling ______________
• _______ from federal courts
• Gov.’t _____ • When the gov.’t spends more $ than it
__________, it runs up a deficit.
• When the gov.’t _________ more $ than it
spends, it shows a surplus.
• The public debt is the gov.’t’s total
outstanding _________________.
End Section 2
• Gov.’t
• From 1776 to the mid-1930s, the gov.’t’s
__________ income + spending were relatively small w/
____________ on the ___________.
• The _________________ changed
everything.
• The Department of _________________
__________ spends more than any other
gov.’t agency (Medicare, Medicaid, etc)
followed by the ________________
Administration.
• These are entitlement programs –
_______ that the law says all eligible
people are __________ to.
• The Department of _________ has the 3rd
largest budget.
• In 2004, __________________ was the 4th
largest part of the federal budget!
• The federal • About _____% of the federal budget is
________
___________ – it has already been “________”
(entitlement programs, interest payments, etc).
• Work on the budget begins _________ before it
would take effect. Federal agencies must
submit budget proposals which they must
_________ at budget hearings. The (usually
revised) dollar amounts are then put into the
_____________ proposed budget.
• The president proposes a budget at the
beginning of every year which _________ must
approve (w/ changes).
• ________ often testify at Congressional budget
hearings + work to bring grass roots _________
on Congress.
• The budget isn’t just a financial statement
but a __________________________.
End Section 3
Ch 17 – Foreign Policy and National
Defense
• National vs. • Domestic affairs – events w/in the _______
___________ • Foreign affairs – the country’s __________
w/ other countries
• Isolationism – a ____________________ to
become generally involved in the affairs of
the ________________
• Foreign policy - A group of policies made up
of all the stands + ______ that a country
takes in every aspect of its ___________ w/
other countries; everything a country’s
gov.’t says + does in world affairs.
• The president bears the _______________
for the making + the conduct of ______
________.
• The ________
Department
• Advises the president on the formulation +
conduct of the nation’s ________________.
• Secretary of State ranks ______ among the
president’s cabinet.
• The State Department handles ________ issues.
• Ambassadors are official representatives of the
US appointed by the president to __________ the
______ in matters of diplomacy (the art + practice
of conducting __________ b/w representatives of
groups or states).
• Ambassadors may be assigned to a particular
_______, organization (UN, NATO, etc…), or to a
special assignment (ex. ___________________).
• Ambassadors (often other embassy officials +
their families) are regularly granted diplomatic
immunity, meaning they are not subject to the
__________________ in which they are working.
They cannot be __________, sued, or ________.
Embassies cannot be entered or __________ w/o
their consent, + they property/possessions are
protected.
• The _______ • The framers of the Constitution
Department
deliberately put the ___________ under
the control of ________ at the highest
level. The president is commander in
chief + the Secretary of Defense cannot
have served on ________ in the military
for at least 10 yrs. before being named
Secretary.
• The Secretary of Defense is responsible
for advising the president on the making
+ carrying out of _____________.
• The Secretaries of the Air Force, Army, +
Navy (under the Secretary of Defense)
are all _______ while the Joint Chiefs of
Staff are the highest ranking _________
officers.
End Section 1
• Other _____
+ _________
agencies
• The CIA (Central __________ Agency) has
3 tasks:
1. To coordinate information-gathering
activities of all federal agencies in
________________.
2. To analyze + evaluate all
____________ gathered.
3. To keep the president + National
Security Council ___________ of all
necessary intelligence.
• Although much of its information is
gathered through _________, a large
portion comes from _____________.
• It is _____ for the CIA to conduct any
clandestine activities w/in the ______
(although the agency hasn’t always
_________ that law).
• The Department of ________________ was
created to protect the US against ________.
It was created shortly after _____. It’s major
responsibilities include:
1. Border + ______________ security
2. Infrastructure protection
3. _________ preparedness + response
4. Information analysis (intelligence)
5. Chemical, biological, radiological, +
_________________
• Some agencies were put under the
Homeland Security Department’s
authority such as the _____________,
the Coast Guard, + Bureau of
Immigration and ___________
Enforcement.
• _______ (the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration) has helped open
research into astronomy, physics,
environmental sciences,
communications, + many other fields
which have helped the strengthen the
USA’s ___________ greatly.
• The ______________________ requires
that all _____ must register for the draft
upon turning ____ yrs old although the
draft has been inactive since 1973.
End Section 2
• American
• From America’s beginnings until WWI, America largely
____________ –
practiced ___________ (although more true about the
the highlights
Eastern than the Western Hemisphere).
• (1823) The Monroe Doctrine had 3 principles:
1. Warned all European powers not to interfere in
the ___________________
2. US wouldn’t involve itself in __________ affairs
3. US wouldn’t interfere w/ existing __________
* “You stay out of our backyard and we’ll
stay out of yours”
• The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine - “Big
Stick” Diplomacy – “Speak softly and carry a big stick”
– T. Roosevelt
• (1904) Gave the US the right to be an
_________________________ to protect Latin
America from European nations
• Manifest Destiny - Belief held by many Americans that
it was ___________ for the US to expand + to possess
territory all the way to the Pacific Ocean + into
Northern ___________.
• Americans are God’s new chosen
people + the west is the promised land
• The _________________ War was brought on by
yellow journalism + the explosion of the Maine.
• _____ gains its indep. from Spain + US wins
territories of _____________, Guam, + The
Philippines. US sends troops to occupy
Cuba + the Platt Amendment makes Cuba a
______________ of the US.
• US becomes an _______________.
• America follows a policy of isolationism (avoiding
involvement in ________________) but is unable
to avoid getting drawn into WWI.
• After a year in WWI, the US retreated back to
isolationism + refused to join the ______________
despite the fact that it was Pres. Wilson’s idea.
• After being drawn in to _______, the US realized it
could no longer retreat into isolationism. However,
the overall objective of American foreign policy has
always been the _________________________.
• Began following the principle of collective
security (keeping international peace +
order).
• Joined the ________________ (_____)
• The ________ brought about NATO (North Atlantic
Treaty Organization) b/w the US, _________, +
______________ against the Soviets + their allies.
• The Cold War also brought about the __________
______ (1947), based on the idea of Containment,
which called for giving economic + military _____ to
countries who rejected _______________.
• Other events due to the Cold War include:
• The ______________
• The ______________
• The Cuban Missile Crisis
• The ______________
• The ______________
• The Arms Race + SALT I + II treaties
• ___________ (Nixon – Carter)
• Current major foreign policy concerns include the
War on _______ + specifically the wars in _____ +
Afghanistan, _____________ + Iran’s nuclear
intentions, the instability of many African countries,
clashes b/w India + Pakistan, fighting in the Middle
East, etc…
End Section 3
• Foreign aid
• Economic + military aid to other countries
• “Those who help others help themselves.”
• Part of American foreign policy since the
end of WWII + the beginning of the Cold
War.
• Since then the US has given over
$500 BILLION to over 100 countries
• Why should we give foreign aid?
• Good will
• Military security – gain allies, stop
opposition from gaining allies
• Alliances
• Maintain international stability
• Most of the economic foreign aid must be
used to buy American goods.
• Security • ______ – signed by the US, _______, + much of
alliances
________________ in 1949 to protect Western
Europe against _________ aggression.
• An attack against one member was an
attack against _____________.
• Focus has shifted w/ the collapse of the
______. Besides a defensive response, it
intervenes w/ conflicts that may ________
Europe (ex. The ______ in the mid 1990s)
+ in ______________ disasters.
• The __________ (or Inter-American
Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance) was
signed in 1947. Currently the US,
_________, + 32 _______________
countries have signed it. It serves a
similar purpose as NATO.
• The ANZUS Pact of 1951 does the
same thing for the US, _________, +
________________.
• The Korean Pact of 1953, pledges the
US will come to the aid of South
Korea if _____________.
• Many others…
• _________ • Started in 1945 at the end of ______ w/ the ___ as the 1st
country to ratify the UN’s constitution/charter.
• Based in ______. Meets in September (or during special
sessions).
• It’s goals are to maintain _______________ + security, to
develop friendly relations b/w all nations, + to promote
_________ + cooperation to solve international problems.
• Has over _______ members.
• _____________________ is made up of 1 representative
from each member w/ each getting 1 vote. It can:
• Make _______________ to the Security Council +
others (not legally binding, but do carrying weight).
• ______ 10 members to the Security Council, 54 to
the Economic and Social Council, + some
members of the Trusteeship Council.
• Along w/ the Security Council, it selects the
_______________ + the 15 judges of the
______________________________.
• Shares w/ the Security Council the power to ____,
suspend, or _______ members.
• May ______________________ to its charter.
• The _______________ bears the majority of
responsibility for maintaining international ______.
• It has 15 members:
• 10 are ______ members who serve 2
yr terms.
• 5 are ________ members (the ____,
Britain, France, Russia – formerly the
USSR, + ________).
- All permanent members
have _____________.
• Resolutions require 9/15 vote (w/o the veto).
• Has only called for military action _______.
• May place economic +/or military ________
on offending nations.
• May agree to provide _______________.
• The World Health Organization (WHO)
combats heath problems in _____________
countries.
• The International Monetary Fund (IMF)
promotes ______________________.
• The International Bank for Reconstruction
and Development (_________) makes loans
for projects in developing countries.
• The United Nations Educational, Scientific,
and Cultural Organization (_____________)
promotes many programs.
• The International Court of Justice consists of
15 judges selected for 9 yr terms. Located
in ____________, the Netherlands. It hears
cases brought by members + nonmembers.
Failure to comply w/ its judgment can lead to
the other party going to the _____________.
• The elected ______________ may bring any
matter before the Security Council. He also
prepares the _______ (must be approved by
the General Assembly).
• So what does it do?
• _________________
• ___________ + social programs for the
world’s ___________ countries
• Loans $ to help _____________ in poorer
countries
• ____________ (eliminated smallpox
completely + polio in the Americas)
• Worked towards reducing ___________
• Worked towards protecting ___________
• Aids ____________
• Raises $ to help victims of wars + ______
__________
End Section 4