The American Miracle.
How much power should the National Government have???
 What
was the political, social, and
economic society during the Virginia
Dynasty?
1.James Madison: Known as the father of the Constitution.
1. Believed a stronger national government was needed.
2.Madison convinced Virginia's to call the convention for all
the states.
2.Alexander Hamilton: Big involvement in the push for a
stronger central government. Helped Madison write the
constitution.
3.George Washington: President of the Convention.
1.They used Franklin and Washington’s names to help pass
the new constitution.
4.John Adams: Big supporter of stronger central government.
1.Came up with the 3 branches of government.
2.Came up with the checks and balance system.
 Constitution:
• Distinctly explains powers the government has.
 Bill of Rights:
• Distinctly explains powers individuals have and
limitation of government.
Citizens
have
rights not listed
in the
Constitution, ie
Right To
Privacy
Powers reserved to the states or
the people
FEDERALIST
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Rule by the best people.
A powerful central
government.
Loose interpretation of
Constitution.
Government foster big
business.
Pro- British
Pro National Debt
A powerful central bank.
Strong navy and army for
protection.
ANTI-FEDERALIST
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Rule by the masses.
Weak central government
to preserve states rights.
Strict interpretation of
Constitution.
Government fosters
agriculture not big
business.
Pro French
National Debt is bad.
Encouragement of state
banks.
Strong state militias.
 If
you lived back in the late 1700’s what
political party would you have been
associated with? Explain
The Rule of Aristocracy
1. Govt. gets its authority
from the citizens.
2. Ruled by A rich, selfless,
educated citizenry.
3. Elections should be
frequent.
The
“Virtuous
Republic”
4. Govt. should guarantee
individual rights &
freedoms.
5. Govt.’s power should be
limited [checks & balances].
6. The need for a written
Constitution.
7. “E Pluribus Unum.” [“Out of
many, one”]
8. Role of Woman
[“Republican Womanhood &
Cult of Domiestcity”].
1.Picked at the Constitution convention
1. Why Washington had to be the First President?
2.Key Issues of his Presidency.
1.Slavery- The Great Compromise
2.National Bank (Hamilton vs. Jefferson)
1.Tremendous debt of the colonies.
3.The heated issues of Partisan Politics.
1.Anti-Federalists : Jefferson, Madison, Burr
2.Federalists: (Republicans): Hamilton, Adams.
3.Whiskey Rebellion: Imposed a tax on whiskey. In the west
whiskey was used as mediums of exchange.
1.Farmers revolted in the summer of 1794
2.Washington under the influence of Hamilton, sent 15,000
troops and crushed the rebellion.
3.Solidified the importance of a strong government.
1.Jay's Treaty: Made a treaty with England not to get involved
with the War between England and France. John Jay
2.Pinckney Treaty: Thomas Pinckney
1.Gave American the right to navigate the Mississippi, and
to deposit goods at the port of New Orleans.
2.Helped start the Westward Expansion.
3.The Farewell Address: Set a standard of only two terms in
office.
1.Talked about staying neutral on foreign affairs.
2.The evils of sectionalism, and party politics.
"It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances
with any portion of the foreign world...... Temporary
alliances may be justified for extraordinary emergencies,
but other than that, harmony, liberal intercourse with all
nation are recommended by policy, humanity and
interest(Fitzpatrick, Writings of George Washington, 35:
235)."
"Our first and fundamental maxim should be, never to
entangle ourselves in the broils of Europe (Bergh,
writings of Thomas Jefferson, 15: 477).“
Do you agree with there views? Should we still do this
today?
1.The Election of 1796 (The 1st real U.S. Election)
2.Quassi War with France
1.France started to seize American ships and goods.
1.XYZ Affair
2.People wanted a war with France
1.Congress suspended trade. By June 1798 the two
countries were at war. Lasted until Sept. 1800
3.Alien and Sedition Acts.
1.Immigrants had to wait 14 years before becoming
citizens.
2.Gave the president power to deport any immigrants they
deemed dangerous.
4.The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions.
1.The states had the right to nullify any laws they thought
was unconstitutional.
 Jefferson
vs. Adams
 Hamilton/Adams
Federalists
 Burr/ Jefferson
Anti-Federalist
1.The election of 1800's- Also known as "the Bloodless
Revolutions."
1.Showed that powers in America can be peacefully
transferred despite strong disagreements.
2.Midnight Judges:
3.The up and down relationship of Jefferson and Adams.
4.Marbury v. Madison: John Marshall (Chief Justice).
1.Midnight judges.
2.Gave the Supreme Court greater power and a bigger
role. “Judicial Review”
1.The Louisiana Purchase: Purchased land for 15million
1.3 cents per acre.
2.The Lewis and Clack Expedition and Pikes
Expedition.
1.Trying to find the legendary North West Passage.
2.North West Passage:
1.A legendary water route that would connect the
Atlantic with the Pacific.
3.The beginning of the concept of Manifest Destiny.
4.What is Manifest Destiny?
5.How is Manifest Destiny similar to John Winthrop's
speech?
 Toussaint L’Ouverture
 Aaron Burr
 Chesapeake Bay Incident:
 Embargo Act
1.What political party made these Political Cartoons? Explain
2.Who do you think each character in each cartoon
represents? Explain:
3.What is the overall message for each political cartoon?
•Since Napoleon was at war with
Great Britain he offered entire
Louisiana Territory to US for $15
million
•Needed the money for his war
with Great Britain
•Jefferson purchased Louisiana
Territory for $15 million, about 3
cents an acre
•Doubled the size of the US
•Jefferson’s greatest
accomplishment
•Why? Didn’t fight a war, no
blood shed.
Does the President have the right to purchase land if
it is not expressed in the US Constitution?
Jefferson used implied powers or loose construction
to justify his decision
“It was for the best interest of the nation. It is the case of a
guardian, investing the money of his ward in purchasing
an important adjacent territory; and saying to him when
of age, I did this for your good; I pretend to no right to
bind you; you may disavow me, and I must get out of the
scrape as I can: I thought it my duty to risk myself for
you.”
Jefferson’s Betrays his belief?
1. Did Jefferson betray his political party and belief with
this purchase?
embargo2
A Federalist circular in
Massachusetts against the embargo
cried out,
“Let every man who holds the name of
America dear to him , stretch forth his hands
and put this accursed thing, this Embargo
from him. Be resolute, act like sons of liberty,
of God, and your country; nerve your arms
with vengeance against the Despot (Jefferson)
who would wrest the inestimable germ of your
Independence from you---and you shall be
Conquerors!!!”
•American people were
hostile towards Jefferson
•Referred to the Embargo
as “Dambargo, Mobrage,
Go Bar Em”….
•Would be replaced by the
Non-Intercourse Act by
President Madison which
allowed U.S. exports and
trade but not with France
and Great Britain……
“Our ships all in motion,
Once whiten’d the ocean;
They sail’d and return’d with a Cargo;
Now doom’d to decay
They are fallen a prey,
To Jefferson, worms and EMBARGO.”
The Second War for Independence
President James Madison
• Born in Virginia, 1751
•Enlisted in Continental Army
but too small
•Attended Princeton University
and became a lawyer.
•Father of the Constitution and
Bill of Rights.
•Secretary of State during
Jefferson’s Presidency
•President, 1809 to 1817
•Most known for defending US
Neutrality during the War of
1812.
Non-Intercourse Act
1809 - Replaced the Embargo of 1807. Unlike the
Embargo, which forbade American trade with all
foreign nations, this act only forbade trade with France
and Britain. It did not succeed in changing British or
French policy towards neutral ships, so it was replaced
by Macon’s Bill No. 2.
Macon’s Bill No. 2
1810 - Opened trade with all nations, including Britain
and France. If France or Britain agreed to respect our
rights as a neutral, then we would close trade with the
other country.
 What
do these political Cartoons show
us?
 What kind of emotions do you think they
got from the audience?
 List
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
these Events in Order:
Treaty of Ghent
Embargo Act
Era of Good Feelings
Tecumseh the Prophet
Chesapeake Affair
Battle of Lake Erie
Hartford Convention
Clay’s American System
Burning of Washington
Battle of New Orleans
War Hawks
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Chesapeake Affair
Embargo Act
Tecumseh the Prophet
War Hawks
Battle of Lake Erie
Burning of Washington
Hartford Convention
Treaty of Ghent
Battle of New Orleans
Era of Good Feelings
Clay’s American System
The War’s Legacy
U.S. gained the respect of other nations
 U.S. came to accept Canada as a neighbor and a
part of the British Empire
 The Federalist party came to an end as a national
force
 Talk of nullification and secession in New England
set a precedent that would later be used by the
South
 Gained our neutrality and became isolated from
Europe

UP CLOSE AND PERSONAL
President James Monroe
•Born in Virginia in 1758,
•Attended the College of William
and Mary,
•Fought with Continental Army
•Practiced law in Virginia.
•Elected United States Senator
•Helped negotiate the Louisiana
Purchase.
•President in 1816 and served from
1817 to 1825.
•Era of Good Feelings
Spirit of Nationalism in US
patriotism or national oneness
Country is united, confident, and growing
1791-1819, 9 states joined the original 13.
One political party---Republican party
Respect from Europe
Monroe first president to visit all states.
Boston newspaper declared an “Era of Good
Feelings” had began.
But, time period was not free of problems.
The Panic of 1819

Largely the fault of the Second Bank of the
United States’ tightening of credit in an
effort to control inflation





Many state banks closed
The value of money fell
There were large increases in unemployment,
bankruptcies, and imprisonment for debt
Depression was most severe in the West
The economic crisis changed many
Western voters’ political outlook
In 1819, Missouri, first part of the
Louisiana Purchase to apply for
statehood

Threatened balance of power in Congress



11 free states
11 slave states
The Tallmadge amendment




prohibited the further introduction of slaves into
Missouri
All slaves born in Missouri after the territory became
a state would be freed at the age of 25.
Passed by the House, not in the Senate.
The North controlled the House, and the South had
enough power to block it in the Senate.
Henry Clay’s
American System
Congress’s attempt to unite the US
•National transportation system of roads,
canals, steamships and rivers.
•1800 to 1850 roads, canals and rivers
first forms of transportation---
Provide economic growth
•Americans buying American goods
•American self-sufficiency.
Protective Tariff to promote infant industry
•Tariff of 1816
2nd BUS to promote a stronger economy
•Rechartered in 1816
• Referred to as America’s Self
Defense Doctrine.
• It is a continuation of President
Washington’s neutrality and
isolationist policies.
• Past problems with Europe led
the US to declare the Americas
off-limits to Europe
US recognized
existing
European
Colonies
US will stay out
of European
affairs
Monroe
Doctrine
US protector of new
democracies in the
Western Hemisphere
No European
Colonization in the
Americas
 Do
you agree with the Monroe Doctrine?
Why or why not?
 Major
battles and key roles of individuals in
the 3 wars.
 Impact of colonies on post-independence
government.
 Development of Constitution & Bill of Rights.
 Emergence of political parties.
 Conflict between national & state power.
 Treaties, events & presidents within the
Virginia dynasty (First 6 presidents).
 Quiz 5 &6:
 Alien and Sedition Acts &
 Election of 1800
 Hartford Conventions
 Battle of New Orleans
 Embargo Act
 Erie Canal
 Era of Good Feelings
 Republican Motherhood
 Monroe Doctrine
 American System
 Missouri Compromise
 Louisiana Purchase
 Corps of Discovery
 10th Amendment
Kentucky Resolutions