CHAPTER 12
The Second War for
Independence and the Upsurge
of Nationalism, 1812–1824
Theme #1 – War of 1812
 Theme: The American effort in the
War of 1812 was plagued by poor
strategy, political divisions, and
increasingly aggressive British power.
Nevertheless, the United States
escaped with a stalemated peace
settlement, and soon turned its
isolationist back to the Atlantic
European world.
Beginning the War
 Initially high hopes for conquering
Canada
 Naval Wars / Naval Defense
-fairly successful
 Captain Oliver Hazard Perry
 Francis Scott Key
 Marine Corps Air
ground Combat
Center Stage
 Star Spangled
Banner sung by US
Presidents
British Army
(Canadians) invade
 Invasion of America
 Burn Washington
 March to New Orleans Jan 1815
(Andrew Jackson’s militia)
 War of 1812 song
 John Horton’s War of 1812
 Canadian Parody by Three Dead Trolls in a Baggie
Federalist Party Reaction
 the Hartford Convention
 Death of the party
 Unpatriotic - if not “treasonous”
 Secret Journal – Nathan Dane
http://www.primaryresearch.org/PRTHB/Dane/Norton/norton.htm
Theme #2 – American nationalism
 The aftermath of the War of 1812
produced a strong surge of American
nationalism that was reflected in
economics, law, and foreign policy.
The rising nationalistic spirit and
sense of political unity was, however,
threatened by the first severe
sectional dispute over slavery.
 Economics – trade restored, country grow
stronger, interstate commerce, all working
well
 Political unity – Federalists disappear,
people fall into one big political “party
umbrella”
 Foreign Policy – return to isolationism,
problems solved without war: Rush-Bagot
Treaty (1817) & Convention of 1818 &
Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)
 American system of improvement
 Roads and canals
 Tariffs to pay for the improvements
 Protective Tariff of 1816
 Panic of 1819
 Foreign Affairs
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Rush-Bagot Treat of 1817
Convention of 1818 (Treaty of 1818)
Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819
Monroe Doctrine (1823)
 Missouri Compromise of 1820
 First major compromise over slavery
between the NORTH and the SOUTH over
territory in the WEST
 Missouri, Maine, 36’30” line
Theme #3 – federal government
grows in strength
 Chief Justice John Marshall's Supreme
Court strengthened the federal
government by supporting a "loose
construction" of the Constitution,
asserting the federal judiciary's power
over state courts, and enforcing
economic provisions in the
Constitution (interstate commerce,
sanctity of contracts).
 Fletcher vs. Peck (1810)
 GA property rights and legal contracts
 McCulloch vs. Maryland (1819)
 National Bank issue
 Cohens vs. Virginia (1821)
 Lottery across state lines / states rights
 Gibbons vs. Ogden (1824)
 NY waterways and interstate trade